Capital equipment in connection with the Sheffield Particle Physics Group Consolidated Grant 2016 to 2019

我们生活在一个粒子物理和粒子天体物理发现令人惊叹的时代。这里提出的设备建议旨在支持我们希望在谢菲尔德进行的研究，这是这项努力的核心。它与我们的STFC 2015-2019年综合赠款方案请求密切相关。在我们最近的工作中，最重要的是参与了ATLAS发现希格斯玻色子粒子的后续工作。该小组的成员领导并帮助开发了这一发现所基于的关键的4-轻子分析。这项工作将继续进行，但在为未来做准备时，我们正在寻找的设备对于扩大我们在ATLAS升级计划中的通用角色至关重要，以制造新的ATLAS跟踪器的关键部件。在中微子物理学方面，在我们对中微子如何从一种类型振荡到另一种类型的理解方面取得了令人兴奋的新结果的支持下，我们的资本请求是允许我们参与下一代长基线中微子实验的关键，该实验旨在揭开宇宙中反物质的神秘面纱。沙丘实验是对日本Hyper-K实验的重要补充，该实验最近在美国资助，以继续在地下挖掘第一个80千吨的液态Ar模块。对于这些，我们将特别关注探测器的建造，而所需的设备将是支持这一点的关键。例如，在我们对费米实验室先驱SBND实验的领先工作的基础上，我们现在将为CERN的ProtoDUNE实验构建中央阳极平面阵列框架。后者尤其需要所要求的最先进的车间机器。与此同时，我们需要扩大我们开创性的液态Ar研发，所需的激光系统和数据采集设备将使我们能够在这一领域取得领先成果，特别是在空间电荷和电子捕获物理方面，这些物理一直困扰着最近的实验。对于粒子天体物理学，我们计划在探测暗物质方面做出新的努力，暗物质被认为占宇宙的90%。之所以有强烈的动机，是因为美国的LUX实验最近产生了一个新的阶跃--对暗物质粒子的敏感性发生了变化。支持我们的计算硬件用于LUX-ZEPLIN实验，这是我们参与的下一代设备，将使我们在模拟方面发展领先地位。我们在对星系信号敏感的探测器方面的开创性工作也可以通过这种方式得到支持。这包括新的天鹅座-TPC项目，该项目现在得到了20个研究所的支持，以建造一台全球暗物质望远镜。同时，我们的通用检测器研发和知识交流计划对于巩固集团的专业知识和技能基础至关重要。所要求的设备将有利于我们与博尔比深层地下科学实验室的历史联系，以及我们针对气候变化的Muon断层扫描项目、新型电机控制电子产品的衍生工作以及我们的新型焊接技术想法。我们为中微子物理开发液态氩技术的长期努力也与医学成像要求有关。所要求的数据采集和激光仪器也可以极大地帮助这一领域。

We live in an amazing time for discoveries in particle physics and particle astrophysics. The equipment proposal made here is designed to support the research we wish to conduct at Sheffield that is at the heart of this endeavour. It is closely associated with our STFC consolidated grant programme request for the period 2015-2019. Foremost amongst our work recently has been involvement in follow-on from the discovery by ATLAS of a Higgs boson particle. Members of the group led and helped to develop the key 4-lepton analysis upon which the discovery was based. This work will continue but, preparing for the future, the equipment we are seeking will be critical to expanding our generic role in the ATLAS upgrade programme to build key components of a new ATLAS tracker. In neutrino physics, bolstered by exciting new results in our understanding of how neutrinos oscillate from one type to another, our capital request is key to allowing us to participate in next generation long baseline neutrino experiments for CP violation, aimed to unravel the mystery of antimatter in the Universe. The DUNE experiment, recently funded in the US to proceed with excavation underground for the first 80 kton liquid argon module, is vital to this as complement to the Hyper-K experiment in Japan. For these our particular focus will be on detector construction and the requested equipment will be critical to underpinning this. For instance, building on our leading work on the precursor SBND experiment at Fermilab, we will now construct the central Anode Plane Array frames for the protoDUNE experiment at CERN. The latter requires, in particular, the new state of the art workshop machine requested. In parallel we need to expand our pioneering liquid argon R&D. The laser system and data acquisition apparatus requested will allow us to produce leading results in this area, specifically on space charge and electron trapping physics that has dogged recent experiments. For particle astrophysics we plan to develop new efforts on detection of dark matter, thought to comprise 90% of the Universe. There is strong motivation here because the US LUX experiment recently produced a new step-change in sensitivity to dark matter particles. Supporting our computing hardware for the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment, the next generation device in which we are involved, will allow us to grow leadership in simulations. Our pioneering work on detectors with sensitivity to galactic signatures can also be supported this way. This includes the new CYGNUS-TPC project now backed by 20 institutes to build a global dark matter telescope. Meanwhile, our generic detector R&D and knowledge exchange programme is vital to underpinning the group's expertise and skills-base. The requested equipment can benefit our historic links to the Boulby deep underground science laboratory and our muon tomography projects for climate change, spin-out work on novel motor control electronics and our novel welding technology ideas. Our long-standing efforts to develop liquid argon technology for neutrino physics are also relevant to medical imaging requirements. The data acquisition and laser instrumentation requested can greatly aid this area as well.