UCL Astrophysics Consolidated Grant 2018-2021

伦敦大学学院天体物理学综合补助金 2018-2021

• 批准号: ST/R000476/1
• 负责人: Serena Viti
• 金额: $ 166.77万
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FR000476%2F1
• 关键词: UCL; Astrophysics; Consolidated; Grant; 2018

We now know that not only is our Universe expanding, but that it is expanding at an ever-increasing rate. Fuelled by a mysterious driver called Dark Energy, galaxies, such as our Milky Way are rushing away from each other at such enormous acceleration that not even the powerful force of gravity can hold the universe together. Researchers in UCL's Astrophysics Group are testing these discoveries with an ambitious programme of research for the coming years which aims to understand the makeup and evolution of our Universe by looking at comprehensive maps of the sky. But detailed catalogues containing billions of galaxies and other, more exotic objects such as quasars are just the start - at UCL we are leading efforts to turn these catalogues into physical insight. Over the coming years we will be focussing on turning raw data from our surveys into an understanding of, for example, the fundamental physics of the early Universe; the mass of the enigmatic neutrino particle; the nature and distribution of "dark matter" and "dark energy"; and the way in which the cosmos lit up as its first stars and quasars formed. In order to understand how galaxies are made of we will probe how stars form from vast gas and dust clouds and how the chemistry that goes on between the stars affects and controls these crucial processes. We will learn how clouds of gas and dust contract in different ways during the earliest stages of star-formation, and how observations of complex molecules can be used to study the physical processes that are involved. We will also analyse the tracers of newly forming high mass protostars, including the associated jets and outflows. We will not only study molecules and dust in our own Galaxy but also in nearby galaxies, and in distant, very young, galaxies located at the edge of the Universe. Through mechanical, chemical and radiative feedback the influence of massive stars (born with masses greater than 20 solar masses) extends well beyond the confines of their immediate environments, to play a vital role in the wider galactic ecology. To understand this influence we propose to conduct research based on substantial radio and millimetre observational surveys to investigate the key drivers of the evolution of massive stars, including mass-loss via powerful winds and interactions in binary systems. Recent discoveries of exoplanets indicate that almost every star has a planetary system, with Earth just one of several billion planets in our Galaxy. With more than 3,500 exoplanets detected, there are about 40 known super-Earths. All these rocky planets have very short orbits and hence hot atmospheres. Some of these planets are very like our own but very young Earths can have melting rock and steamed-water atmospheres. There is little knowledge about these lava-worlds. What are they made of? Are they ever going to cool down to the temperatures which could sustain life? In recent years, the UCL team has pioneered techniques to extract information about exoplanets from starlight filtered through their atmospheres as they pass in front of their star, which lead to several ground breaking discoveries. To carry out their studies of the heavens UCL's instrument makers are aiming to improve the precision with which larger and more sophisticated ground-based telescopes are designed and assembled and at the same time create lighter and lower cost structures for future infrared telescopes in space that can be used to deliver data of better quality.But all of this will be wasted unless our fellow citizens get to share in the wonder and excitement of our group's work. We will ensure that our team members continue to explain their work through talks and lectures, public events, and the media, inspiring the next generation of scientists, and helping and challenging industry to develop new technologies.

我们现在知道，我们的宇宙不仅在膨胀，而且还在以不断增长的速度膨胀。在一种叫做暗能量的神秘驱动力的推动下，像我们的银河系这样的星系正以如此巨大的加速度远离彼此，即使是强大的引力也无法将宇宙聚集在一起。伦敦大学学院天体物理学小组的研究人员正在测试这些发现，并为未来几年制定了一项雄心勃勃的研究计划，旨在通过观察全面的天空地图来了解我们宇宙的构成和演化。但是，包含数十亿个星系和其他更奇特的物体（如类星体）的详细目录只是一个开始——在伦敦大学学院，我们正在领导将这些目录转化为物理洞察力的努力。在接下来的几年里，我们将专注于将我们调查的原始数据转化为对早期宇宙的基本物理学的理解；神秘的中微子粒子的质量；“暗物质”和“暗能量”的性质和分布；以及宇宙在第一批恒星和类星体形成时的发光方式。为了了解星系是如何构成的，我们将探索恒星是如何从巨大的气体和尘埃云中形成的，以及恒星之间发生的化学反应是如何影响和控制这些关键过程的。我们将学习在恒星形成的最初阶段，气体云和尘埃云是如何以不同的方式收缩的，以及如何利用对复杂分子的观察来研究所涉及的物理过程。我们还将分析新形成的高质量原恒星的示踪剂，包括相关的喷流和流出。我们不仅要研究我们银河系中的分子和尘埃，还要研究附近的星系，以及遥远的、非常年轻的、位于宇宙边缘的星系。通过机械、化学和辐射反馈，大质量恒星（出生时质量大于20个太阳质量）的影响远远超出了其直接环境的范围，在更广泛的星系生态中发挥着至关重要的作用。为了理解这种影响，我们建议开展基于大量无线电和毫米观测调查的研究，以调查大质量恒星演化的关键驱动因素，包括通过强大的风和双星系统中的相互作用造成的质量损失。最近发现的系外行星表明，几乎每颗恒星都有一个行星系统，而地球只是我们银河系数十亿颗行星中的一颗。目前已经发现了3500多颗系外行星，其中大约有40颗是已知的超级地球。所有这些岩石行星的轨道都很短，因此大气层很热。其中一些行星与我们的地球非常相似，但非常年轻的地球可能有融化的岩石和水蒸气的大气层。人们对这些熔岩世界知之甚少。它们是用什么做的？它们会冷却到可以维持生命的温度吗？近年来，伦敦大学学院的研究小组开创了一种技术，可以从系外行星经过其恒星前时通过大气层过滤的星光中提取有关系外行星的信息，这导致了几项突破性的发现。为了开展他们对天空的研究，伦敦大学学院的仪器制造商正致力于提高精度，以设计和组装更大、更复杂的地面望远镜，同时为未来的太空红外望远镜创造更轻、成本更低的结构，用于提供更高质量的数据。但是，如果我们的同胞们不能分享我们小组工作的奇迹和兴奋，所有这一切都将被浪费。我们将确保我们的团队成员继续通过讲座、公共活动和媒体来解释他们的工作，激励下一代科学家，帮助和挑战行业开发新技术。

项目成果

Nonresonant Raman spectra of the methyl radical 12CH3 simulated in variational calculations

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jms.2019.06.005
• 发表时间: 2019-08-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
• 影响因子: 1.4
• 作者: Adam, Ahmad Y.;Jensen, Per;Yurchenko, Sergei N.
• 通讯作者: Yurchenko, Sergei N.

A Variationally Computed IR Line List for the Methyl Radical CH$_3$

甲基自由基 CH$_3$ 的变分计算 IR 谱线列表

• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1905.05504
• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Adam A

Dark Energy Survey year 1 results: Joint analysis of galaxy clustering, galaxy lensing, and CMB lensing two-point functions

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.100.023541
• 发表时间: 2018-10
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: T. Abbott;F. Abdalla;A. Alarcon;S. Allam;J. Annis;S. Ávila;K. Aylor;M. Banerji;N. Banik;E. Baxter;K. Bechtol;M. Becker;B. Benson;G. Bernstein;E. Bertin;F. Bianchini;J. Blazek;L. Bleem;L. Bleem;S. Bridle;D. Brooks;E. Buckley-Geer;D. Burke;J. Carlstrom;A. Rosell;M. Kind;J. Carretero;F. Castander;R. Cawthon;C. Chang;C. Chang;H.-M. Cho;A. Choi;R. Chown;T. Crawford;A. Crites;M. Crocce;C. Cunha;C. D'Andrea;L. Costa;C. Davis;T. Haan;J. DeRose;S. Desai;J. Vicente;H. Diehl;J. Dietrich;M. Dobbs;S. Dodelson;P. Doel;A. Drlica-Wagner;T. Eifler;J. Elvin-Poole;W. Everett;B. Flaugher;P. Fosalba;O. Friedrich;J. Frieman;J. García-Bellido;M. Gatti;E. Gaztañaga;E. George;D. Gerdes;T. Giannantonio;D. Gruen;R. Gruendl;J. Gschwend;G. Gutiérrez;N. Halverson;N. Harrington;W. Hartley;G. Holder;D. Hollowood;W. Holzapfel;K. Honscheid;Z. Hou;B. Hoyle;J. Hrubeš;D. Huterer;B. Jain;D. James;M. Jarvis;T. Jeltema;M. Johnson;Michael D. Johnson;S. Kent;D. Kirk;L. Knox;N. Kokron;E. Krause;K. Kuehn;O. Lahav;Adrian T. Lee;E. Leitch;Tian Li;M. Lima;Huan Lin;D. Luong-Van;N. MacCrann;M. Maia;A. Manzotti;D. Marrone;J. Marshall;P. Martini;J. McMahon;F. Menanteau;S. Meyer;R. Miquel;L. Mocanu;J. J. Mohr-J.;J. Muir;T. Natoli;A. Nicola;B. Nord;Y. Omori;S. Padin;S. Pandey;A. Plazas;A. Porredon;J. Prat;C. Pryke;M. Rau;C. Reichardt;R. Rollins;A. Romer;A. Roodman;A. Ross;E. Rozo;J. Ruhl;E. Rykoff;S. Samuroff;C. Sánchez;E. Sánchez;J. Sayre;V. Scarpine;K. Schaffer;L. Secco;S. Serrano;I. Sevilla-Noarbe;E. Sheldon;E. Shirokoff;G. Simard;M. Smith;M. Soares-Santos;F. Sobreira;Z. Staniszewski;A. Stark;K. Story;E. Suchyta;M. Swanson;G. Tarlé;D. Thomas;M. Troxel;D. Tucker;K. Vanderlinde;J. Vieira;P. Vielzeuf;V. Vikram;A. Walker;Risa Wechsler;J. Weller;R. Williamson;W. L. K. Wu;B. Yanny;O. Zahn;Yuanyuan Zhang;J. Zuntz

First Cosmology Results using Type Ia Supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey: Constraints on Cosmological Parameters

• DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab04fa
• 发表时间: 2019-02-20
• 期刊: ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
• 影响因子: 7.9
• 作者: Abbott, T. M. C.;Allam, S.;Zhang, Y.
• 通讯作者: Zhang, Y.

An improved rovibrational linelist of formaldehyde, \spec{h212c16o}

改进的甲醛旋转振动线表，spec{h212c16o}

• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2102.07423
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Al-Derzi A