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General Relativistic Astrophysics

广义相对论天体物理学

基本信息

批准号：
ST/R00045X/1
负责人：
Nils Andersson
金额：
$ 131.92万
依托单位：
University of Southampton
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2018 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FR00045X%2F1
关键词：
General Relativistic Astrophysics

项目摘要

The last year has seen a string of outstanding successes in gravity and relativistic astrophysics. The breakthrough detection of gravitational waves from merging black holes provided a clear demonstration of the discovery potential of this new area of astronomy. As the sensitivity of gravitational-wave instruments improves, and a wider network of detectors come online, a broader range of sources is expected to be detected. Observations of the late stages of binary neutron star inspiral and merger are anticipated with particular excitement, especially since such events may have counterpart electromagnetic emission (e.g. short gamma-ray bursts). As we enter the era of gravitational-wave astronomy in earnest, there are many reasons for enthusiasm. The LISA Pathfinder demonstration of technology readiness of the drag-free interferometry required for space-based instruments, followed by the ESA selection of the LISA project (due for launch in the 2030s), ensures that gravitational physics will continue to develop for (at least) the next two decades.The main emphasis of gravitational-wave astronomy is on problems involving neutron stars and black holes. These fascinating and enigmatic objects involve truly inspirational science and represent unique laboratories for the exploration of the extremes of physics. Black-hole astrophysics impacts on a range of fundamental issues, from the nature of gravity to problems in cosmology, e.g., associated with structure formation in the early Universe. Meanwhile, neutron star observations allow us to probe the state of matter under extreme conditions, providing us with information which complements that gleaned from colliders like the LHC at CERN. The modelling of these highly relativistic systems involves a broad range of physics that is not accessible in the laboratory. As our observational capabilities improve, we are reaching the point where precise modelling is required both to interpret data and to facilitate the observations in the first place. The proposed research represents a coherent programme aimed at exploring the astrophysics of black holes and neutron stars in order to improve our understanding of the fundamental laws of physics of the Universe and reveal how nature operates on scales where our current understanding breaks down, a theme that remains central to the STFC mission.Neutron star modelling involves much complex physics and relates to a range of astrophysical phenomena, primarily probed by radio timing and X-ray timing and spectra. Neutron stars may also radiate detectable gravitational waves (through a variety of scenarios ranging from the supernova core-collapse in which they are born to the merger of binary systems). The challenge is to decode observed signals to "constrain" current theories, including the elusive equation of state for supranuclear matter. This proposal aims to improve our understanding of neutron stars, including their evolution and dynamics and how they interact with their environment.Black holes interact with their environment in a complex fashion. The modelling of this interaction provides a serious challenge. In particular, we need a precise description of the gravitational radiation-reaction-driven inspiral and eventual coalescence of binary systems. This problem is central for ongoing and future gravitational-wave searches. The gravitational capture of compact objects by massive black holes in galactic nuclei is particularly relevant for space-borne instruments like LISA, as the signal encodes information that allows high-precision tests of general relativity and precision studies of massive black-hole physics. A central objective for the proposed research is to model the inspiral dynamics in binary sources detectable by current ground-based and future space-based observatories.

去年，我们在引力和相对论天体物理学方面取得了一系列杰出的成就。对合并黑洞引力波的突破性探测清楚地展示了这一天文学新领域的发现潜力。随着引力波仪器灵敏度的提高，以及更广泛的探测器网络上线，更广泛的引力波源有望被探测到。对双中子星吸入和合并的后期阶段的观测是特别令人兴奋的，特别是因为这些事件可能有对应的电磁发射（例如短伽马射线爆发）。当我们正式进入引力波天文学时代时，有很多理由让我们充满热情。LISA探路者演示了天基仪器所需的无拖曳干涉测量技术的准备情况，随后ESA选择了LISA项目（定于21世纪30年代发射），确保了引力物理学将在（至少）未来20年继续发展。引力波天文学的主要重点是涉及中子星和黑洞的问题。这些迷人而神秘的物体涉及真正鼓舞人心的科学，代表着探索极端物理的独特实验室。黑洞天体物理学对一系列基本问题产生影响，从引力的性质到宇宙学中的问题，例如与早期宇宙结构形成有关的问题。与此同时，中子星观测使我们能够在极端条件下探测物质的状态，为我们提供了从欧洲核子研究中心（CERN）的大型强子对撞机（LHC）等对撞机收集到的信息。这些高度相对性系统的建模涉及到在实验室无法获得的广泛的物理学。随着我们观测能力的提高，我们正在达到这样一个地步，即首先需要精确的建模来解释数据并促进观测。拟议的研究代表了一个连贯的计划，旨在探索黑洞和中子星的天体物理学，以提高我们对宇宙基本物理定律的理解，并揭示自然如何在我们目前理解的范围内运作，这一主题仍然是STFC任务的核心。中子星建模涉及许多复杂的物理，涉及一系列天体物理现象，主要通过无线电定时和x射线定时和光谱进行探测。中子星也可能辐射出可探测到的引力波（通过各种各样的场景，从它们诞生的超新星核心坍缩到双星系统的合并）。挑战在于解码观测到的信号，以“约束”当前的理论，包括难以捉摸的超核物质的状态方程。这项提议旨在提高我们对中子星的理解，包括它们的演化和动力学，以及它们如何与环境相互作用。黑洞以一种复杂的方式与环境相互作用。这种相互作用的建模提供了一个严峻的挑战。特别是，我们需要对引力辐射-反应驱动的启发和双星系统最终合并的精确描述。这个问题是当前和未来引力波搜索的核心问题。星系核中大质量黑洞对致密物体的引力捕获与像LISA这样的星载仪器特别相关，因为信号编码的信息可以对广义相对论进行高精度测试，并对大质量黑洞物理学进行精确研究。提出的研究的一个中心目标是模拟当前地基和未来天基天文台可探测到的双星源的激励动力学。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Erratum: “A Gravitational-wave Measurement of the Hubble Constant Following the Second Observing Run of Advanced LIGO and Virgo” (2021, ApJ, 909, 218)

勘误表：“先进 LIGO 和 Virgo 第二次观测运行后哈勃常数的引力波测量”(2021, ApJ, 909, 218)

DOI：
10.3847/1538-4357/ac4267
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
The Astrophysical Journal
影响因子：
0
作者：
Abbott, B. P.;Abbott, R.;Abbott, T. D.;Abraham, S.;Acernese, F.;Ackley, K.;Adams, C.;Adhikari, R. X.;Adya, V. B.;Affeldt, C.
通讯作者：
Affeldt, C.

Erratum: "Searches for Gravitational Waves from Known Pulsars at Two Harmonics in 2015-2017 LIGO Data" (2019, ApJ, 879, 10)

勘误：“在 2015-2017 年 LIGO 数据中搜索已知脉冲星两次谐波的引力波”(2019, ApJ, 879, 10)