Particle Physics Capital Equipment 2018

2018年粒子物理资本设备

• 批准号: ST/S002049/1
• 负责人: Ian Shipsey
• 金额: $ 2.46万
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FS002049%2F1
• 关键词: Particle; Physics; Capital; Equipment; 2018

Particle physics seeks to understand the Universe, its birth, evolution and fate in terms of the interplay of elementary particles, the fundamental forces and force-particles that mediate them and the recently discovered Higgs particle that gives elementary particles mass. The last thirty years have seen the development of a theoretical framework, the Standard Model, in which almost all particle-physics data can be explained. But the model is incomplete: it explains what we encounter on Earth but studies of the cosmos suggest the presence of mysterious dark matter that holds galaxies together and more mysterious dark energy that is driving galaxies apart at an ever increasing rate. Our research is aimed at finding the new physics that will reconcile these observations. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN reproduces the conditions within a million millionth of a second of the Big Bang. Oxford plays a major role in ATLAS and LHCb, two experiments that have the potential to completely revolutionise our understanding of the universe. Over the next decade, the LHC will upgrade to higher energy and intensity so detector improvements will need to be made for ATLAS and LHCb, which the equipment requested in this proposal will greatly enhance. These upgraded detectors will take particle physics to an unprecedented level of sensitivity for the observations of new physics that we confidently expect these experiments will reveal.Meanwhile the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will measure how quickly the expansion of the universe is speeding up due to the mysterious dark energy that represents 75% of all energy in the universe and acts like anti-gravity pushing galaxies apart. This new equipment will help us develop new CCD technology that can operate at cryogenic temperatures to detect faint signals with very low noise.Overall, by keeping our infrastructure for the development of new technology and experiments at the cutting edge, this equipment will help us retain our world-leading role for scientific excellence and major state-of-the-art detector construction in particle physics for the future.

粒子物理学试图了解宇宙，它的诞生，演变和命运的基本粒子，基本力和力粒子，调解他们和最近发现的希格斯粒子，赋予基本粒子质量的相互作用。在过去的30年里，我们看到了一个理论框架的发展，即标准模型，几乎所有的粒子物理学数据都可以用它来解释。但模型是不完整的：它解释了我们在地球上所遇到的，但对宇宙的研究表明，神秘的暗物质的存在，使星系在一起，更神秘的暗能量，是驱动星系分开，在不断增加的速度。我们的研究旨在找到新的物理学来调和这些观察结果。欧洲核子研究中心的大型强子对撞机（LHC）在百万分之一秒内再现了大爆炸的条件。牛津大学在ATLAS和LHCb中发挥了重要作用，这两个实验有可能彻底改变我们对宇宙的理解。在接下来的十年里，LHC将升级到更高的能量和强度，因此需要对ATLAS和LHCb的探测器进行改进，本提案中要求的设备将大大增强。这些升级后的探测器将把粒子物理学的灵敏度提升到前所未有的水平，我们相信这些实验将揭示新的物理学。与此同时，大型综合巡天望远镜（LSST）将测量宇宙膨胀的速度有多快，这是由于神秘的暗能量，占宇宙中所有能量的75%，其作用就像反引力一样将星系推开。这套新仪器将有助我们发展新的电荷耦合器件技术，使其能在低温下运作，以极低的噪音探测微弱的信号。整体而言，这套仪器将有助我们保持先进的基础设施，以发展尖端的新技术和实验，并有助我们在未来的粒子物理学领域，继续保持世界领先的地位，以达致卓越的科学成就和先进的探测器建设。