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Developing automated detection and monitoring of peat fires in Indonesia with thermal infrared sensors under drones

利用无人机下的热红外传感器开发对印度尼西亚泥炭火灾的自动检测和监测

基本信息

批准号：
ST/S00288X/1
负责人：
Steven Longmore
金额：
$ 46.08万
依托单位：
Liverpool John Moores University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FS00288X%2F1
关键词：
Developing automated detection monitoring peat

项目摘要

Climate change presents the single biggest threat to sustainable development across the world. Its widespread, unprecedented impacts disproportionately burden the poorest and most vulnerable. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded it is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of climate change since the mid-20th century. The global rise in atmospheric concentration of CO2 has been a major driver in the change of climate.Scientists estimate that peat forest fires can contribute up to 15-20% of all yearly global anthropogenic CO2 emissions -- more than the global transport sector. Currently the severe (dry) conditions leading to these extreme fires occurs roughly every decade, but with climate change their frequency may increase. The annually re-occurring peat forest fires in Indonesia represent a substantial fraction of the global anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Efforts are underway to find and contain the fires, but the challenges faced in achieving this are considerable. For example, to completely extinguish a peat fire with an area of only 1 square meter requires 200-400 litres of water(!). Identifying the precise location of fires when they are small and more easily contained and extinguished is therefore vital. Once a peat fire has become established, it can burn for weeks and is incredibly difficult to extinguish, leading to large areas of forest loss, plantation and property damage, huge carbon emissions, enormous economic losses, and prolonged exposure of local people to toxic haze pollution. This haze, plus the sometimes thick vegetation at fire sights and the fact that peat fires can burn underground, means fire-fighters frequently struggle to ascertain where best to focus their efforts to control the fires, in addition to creating health and safety issues for fire-fighting team members. Working closely in collaboration with key stakeholders in Indonesia, our pilot study in July 2018 showed that our drone plus thermal infrared camera system can easily identify hot spots in peat fires burning both underground and through the smoke -- current fundamental bottlenecks in stopping the fires. We now propose to use GCRF funding to hire a PDRA to develop our system to achieve automated, real-time detection of above- and below-surface fires on the drone, so that real-time fire detection and monitoring in the field can be achieved. We will train local NGOs, Government partners and local fire-fighting teams in the usage of the system, to facilitate local uptake of the technology and deliver technological knowledge transfer, thus improving longer-term local fire-fighting capacity and reducing the negative impacts associated with these fires. At the end of the funding we aim to: (i) have demonstrated the system's use in the field during two full fire seasons; (ii) have quantified a significant increase in firefighting efficiency by statistically comparing the extent and duration of the fires tackled with/without the system; and (iii) estimate the resulting long-term reduction in atmospheric CO2 emission and haze (which we estimate will be a factor >10). We will then be in a position to apply for future funding to take the system to fire zones around the world, concentrating on those with the biggest global impact on increasing atmospheric CO2 levels and ill health due to toxic haze.

气候变化是全球可持续发展面临的最大威胁。其广泛和前所未有的影响给最贫穷和最脆弱的人造成了不成比例的负担。政府间气候变化专门委员会得出结论，自20世纪中期以来，人类影响极有可能是气候变化的主要原因。全球大气中二氧化碳浓度的上升是气候变化的主要驱动因素。科学家估计，泥炭森林火灾造成的二氧化碳排放量占全球每年人为二氧化碳排放量的15%至20%，超过了全球运输部门的排放量。目前，导致这些极端火灾的严重（干旱）条件大约每十年发生一次，但随着气候变化，它们的频率可能会增加。印度尼西亚每年重复发生的泥炭森林火灾占全球人为二氧化碳排放量的很大一部分。人们正在努力寻找和控制火灾，但在实现这一目标方面面临着相当大的挑战。例如，要完全扑灭面积只有1平方米的泥炭火，需要200-400升水（!）。因此，在火灾较小、更容易控制和扑灭时，确定火灾的准确位置至关重要。泥炭火灾一旦发生，可以持续燃烧数周，并且难以扑灭，导致大面积的森林损失，种植园和财产损失，巨大的碳排放，巨大的经济损失，以及当地人民长期暴露在有毒的雾霾污染中。这种雾霾，加上火场有时植被茂密，泥炭火灾可以在地下燃烧，意味着消防队员经常难以确定在哪里集中精力控制火势，此外还给消防队员带来了健康和安全问题。我们与印度尼西亚的主要利益相关者密切合作，于2018年7月进行的试点研究表明，我们的无人机和热红外摄像机系统可以轻松识别地下和烟雾中燃烧的泥炭火灾的热点，这是目前阻止火灾的基本瓶颈。我们现在建议使用GCRF资金聘请PDRA来开发我们的系统，以实现无人机上地表和地表以下火灾的自动化实时检测，从而实现现场的实时火灾检测和监控。我们将培训当地非政府组织、政府合作伙伴和当地消防队伍如何使用该系统，以促进当地采用该技术并提供技术知识转让，从而提高当地的长期消防能力，并减少与这些火灾有关的负面影响。在融资结束时，我们的目标是：(i)在两个完整的火灾季节中演示了该系统在现场的使用；（ii）通过统计比较有/无系统灭火的范围和持续时间，量化灭火效率的显著提高；（iii）估计由此产生的大气二氧化碳排放和雾霾的长期减少（我们估计这将是一个因素）。然后，我们将能够申请未来的资金，将该系统应用于世界各地的五个区域，重点关注那些对大气二氧化碳水平增加和有毒雾霾造成的健康不良影响最大的地区。