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Revealing dark matter with small-scales dynamics

通过小尺度动力学揭示暗物质

基本信息

批准号：
ST/S004998/1
负责人：
Nicola Cristiano Amorisco
金额：
$ 73.2万
依托单位：
Durham University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FS004998%2F1
关键词：
Revealing dark matter small scales

项目摘要

Since you started reading this, many millions of dark matter particles have gone through your body, at speeds of a few hundred miles per second. These particles are approximately four times more abundant than ordinary baryonic matter, yet their nature is still a puzzling mystery: my research is aimed to understand it.The internal dynamics of galaxies and galaxy clusters, as well as the large-scale structure of the universe point to the existence of a pervasive form of matter, which interacts through gravity, but is invisible to electromagnetic radiation. Several different models have been proposed during the past decades, but we still do not know what such a 'dark matter' actually consists of, or how it relates to the Standard Model of particle physics. We know that galaxies are embedded in massive dark matter haloes, and that dark matter has a fundamental role in all of the processes that govern the formation and evolution of the galaxies themselves. For instance, the particles that are going through you right now are part of our own galaxy, the Milky Way.The properties of dark matter particles can be constrained by studying the structure and dynamics of galaxies. After a long series of incremental advances, the coming decade will allow a number of breakthroughs in this field of research. Launched in December 2013, the Gaia satellite is currently measuring positions and velocities of billions of stars in the Milky Way, composing a full kinematic map of our galaxy of unprecedented size, extent and data quality. This map provides the instruments to revolutionise our understanding of how galaxies assemble through cosmic time and to finally test the predictions of different dark matter models. My research programme focuses on achieving both of these goals by exploiting Gaia data as well as data from a number of other upcoming dedicated major surveys.The dark matter halo of the Milky Way has assembled hierarchically by accreting and engulfing several tens of smaller satellite galaxies. The Gaia satellite will provide a full record of this process, mapping the streaming debris of each of these disrupted dwarf galaxies. Gaia data contains a wealth of kinematic substructures and phase-space overdensities, each composed of stars originating from a common progenitor, still moving on similar orbits to the present day. With this data we will be able to reconstruct how the Galaxy formed and evolved, an invaluable `Rosetta Stone' to decode how millions of other galaxies assembled, driven by dark matter's gravity.One of the crucial differences between competitive dark matter models is in the amount and properties of small-scale substructure in galaxy haloes. Gravitationally bound clumps of dark matter (subhalos) are abundant in the currently prevailing cold dark matter model, but much rarer or absent in a number of alternative models. Confirming or disproving the existence of subhaloes and measuring their abundance as a function of mass, pinpoints the dark matter power spectrum, and therefore the nature of the dark matter particle. Subhaloes are invisible, but can perturb the motion of the stars they happen to fly by to, through their gravity. The thin stellar streams formed by disrupting Globular Clusters are the best available 'dynamical dark matter detectors'. For the first time, the kinematic map provided by Gaia will have the precision necessary to detect these perturbations. Dark matter has been a mystery for many decades, it is very exciting that so much progress is now possible within ten years.

自从您开始阅读本文以来，数以百万计的暗物质粒子已经以每秒数百英里的速度穿过您的身体。这些粒子的数量大约是普通重子物质的四倍，但它们的本质仍然是一个令人费解的谜：我的研究旨在理解它。星系和星系团的内部动力学，以及宇宙的大尺度结构都表明存在一种普遍存在的物质形式，它通过引力相互作用，但对电磁辐射来说是不可见的。在过去的几十年里，人们提出了几种不同的模型，但我们仍然不知道这种“暗物质”实际上是由什么组成的，也不知道它与粒子物理学的标准模型有何关系。我们知道，星系嵌入在巨大的暗物质晕中，暗物质在控制星系本身形成和演化的所有过程中发挥着基础作用。例如，现在穿过你的粒子是我们银河系的一部分。暗物质粒子的特性可以通过研究星系的结构和动力学来限制。经过一系列的渐进式进展，未来十年该研究领域将取得许多突破。盖亚卫星于 2013 年 12 月发射，目前正在测量银河系中数十亿颗恒星的位置和速度，绘制了我们银河系的完整运动图，其尺寸、范围和数据质量都是前所未有的。这张地图提供了工具来彻底改变我们对宇宙时间中星系如何聚集的理解，并最终测试不同暗物质模型的预测。我的研究计划的重点是通过利用盖亚数据以及其他一些即将进行的专门重大调查的数据来实现这两个目标。银河系的暗物质晕通过吸积和吞没数十个较小的卫星星系而分层聚集。盖亚卫星将提供这一过程的完整记录，绘制出每个被破坏的矮星系的流动碎片的地图。盖亚数据包含大量的运动学子结构和相空间超密度，每一个都由源自共同祖先的恒星组成，至今仍在相似的轨道上运动。有了这些数据，我们将能够重建银河系的形成和演化过程，这是一个无价的“罗塞塔石碑”，可以解码数以百万计的其他星系是如何在暗物质引力的驱动下聚集起来的。竞争性暗物质模型之间的关键区别之一在于星系晕中小尺度子结构的数量和性质。引力束缚的暗物质团块（子晕）在当前流行的冷暗物质模型中非常丰富，但在许多替代模型中却很少或不存在。确认或反驳子晕的存在并测量其丰度与质量的关系，可以查明暗物质功率谱，从而查明暗物质粒子的性质。子晕是看不见的，但可以通过它们的引力扰乱它们恰好飞过的恒星的运动。通过破坏球状星团形成的细恒星流是最好的“动态暗物质探测器”。盖亚提供的运动图将首次具有检测这些扰动所需的精度。几十年来，暗物质一直是个谜，令人兴奋的是，十年内就有可能取得如此大的进展。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（9）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Dwarf stellar haloes: a powerful probe of small-scale galaxy formation and the nature of dark matter

矮恒星晕：小规模星系形成和暗物质本质的强大探测器

DOI：
10.1093/mnras/stab3524
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Deason A
通讯作者：
Deason A

Implications for galaxy formation models from observations of globular clusters around ultradiffuse galaxies

超漫射星系周围球状星团的观测对星系形成模型的影响

DOI：
10.1093/mnras/stac328
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Saifollahi, Teymoor;Zaritsky, Dennis;Trujillo, Ignacio;Peletier, Reynier F;Knapen, Johan H;Amorisco, Nicola;Beasley, Michael A;Donnerstein, Richard
通讯作者：
Donnerstein, Richard

Implications for Galaxy Formation Models from Observations of Globular Clusters around Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies

超漫射星系周围球状星团的观测对星系形成模型的影响