Astrophysics at the University of Bath 2020-2023

巴斯大学 天体物理学 2020-2023

• 批准号: ST/T000449/1
• 负责人: Stijn Wuyts
• 金额: $ 36.13万
• 依托单位: University of Bath
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FT000449%2F1
• 关键词: Astrophysics; University; Bath; 2020; 2023

Bath astrophysicists study exploding stars, growing galaxies and feeding black holes in an expanding Universe. We propose to combine observations, theory and simulations to tackle a diverse array of problems from high energy and time domain astronomy to the formation of galaxies, their co-evolution with supermassive black holes and cosmology. Advanced statistical methods will aid the interpretation of our observational and computational results. Jointly, our research questions will illuminate the 'dynamic Universe' we live in on the widest range of scales.On the smallest scales, the high energy phenomena associated with the death of massive stars and the compact remnants they leave behind can be monitored real-time. The emission coming from the immediate surroundings of stellar black holes and neutron stars, and from interactions between them, opens a window on extreme physics that cannot be replicated on Earth. Our group pioneered measurements of polarised light, revealing the importance of magnetic fields in shaping the relativistic jets emerging from these violent events. Physical interpretation of the rich phenomenology observed across the electromagnetic spectrum will be enabled by state-of-the-art simulations capable of predicting so-called light curves, describing the rapid temporal variations as seen at X-ray, optical and radio wavelengths. New compared to previous modelling efforts is that important lessons on jet structure and dynamics will be incorporated, and information from an entirely different probe than light will be tied in, namely gravitational waves. This recent breakthrough in multi-messenger astronomy further allows tests of a scenario in which the incredibly dense crust of neutron stars can violently shatter due to resonances induced by an inspiraling companion. We will devise rigorous predictions of the multi-messenger signatures of such events and the rates at which they are anticipated to be observed, allowing inferences on the extreme nuclear physics at play in these ultradense objects.Zooming out to galaxy scales, the relevant timescales increase in lockstep. Here too, gamma-ray bursts happening during the final death throes of massive stars play a key role. Since by their sheer brightness they are observable out to large cosmological distances, we can use them as a unique background probe against which to study the cycle between gas, star formation and dust that governs the build up of stars in galaxies. New spatially resolved spectroscopic observations will allow us to meaningfully pair this information with complementary observations of their host galaxies. Similar techniques will underpin a study that pairs observations of the dynamics and morphologies of galaxies to settle a long-standing debate on the connection between fuelling of supermassive black holes at the centres of galaxies and the disruptions induced by the collision between galaxies. Selection biases will be accounted for by jointly analysing observations and advanced cosmological simulations. Similarly pairing brand-new observations with cosmological simulations, we will turn our eyes to the cosmic frontier, mapping the emergence of galaxies in the most overdense structures known in the early Universe during the first 3 billion years of its evolution. Our census of the progenitors to today's galaxy clusters will reveal their importance to early star formation and the impact of environment on galaxy evolution. It will further allow a test of cosmological structure formation theory.Arriving at the largest possible spatial and temporal scales, the entire cosmos, with its accelerated expansion, is a dynamic system. The precise rate of expansion is a matter of intense debate with different measurement methodologies in apparent contradiction. Our real-time monitoring of variable stars has the potential to resolve this debate or, alternatively, reveal fundamental new physics challenging our standard cosmology.

巴斯天体物理学家研究膨胀宇宙中爆炸的恒星、生长的星系和黑洞。我们建议将观测、理论和模拟结合起来，解决从高能和时域天文学到星系的形成、星系与超大质量黑洞的共同演化和宇宙学的各种问题。先进的统计方法将有助于解释我们的观察和计算结果。我们的研究问题将在最广泛的尺度上阐明我们生活的“动态宇宙”。在最小的尺度上，可以实时监测与大质量恒星死亡及其留下的致密残余物相关的高能现象。来自恒星黑洞和中子星周围环境以及它们之间相互作用的发射，打开了一扇无法在地球上复制的极端物理学之窗。我们的小组率先测量了偏振光，揭示了磁场在塑造这些暴力事件中出现的相对论喷流方面的重要性。最先进的模拟能够预测所谓的光变曲线，描述在 X 射线、光学和无线电波长处看到的快速时间变化，从而对电磁频谱中观察到的丰富现象进行物理解释。与之前的建模工作相比，新的之处在于将纳入有关喷流结构和动力学的重要经验教训，并且来自与光完全不同的探测器的信息将被捆绑在一起，即引力波。多信使天文学的这一最新突破进一步允许测试这样一种场景：由于吸入伴星引起的共振，中子星极其致密的外壳可能会剧烈破碎。我们将对此类事件的多信使特征以及预期观察到它们的速率进行严格的预测，从而推断这些超致密天体中发挥作用的极端核物理。缩小到星系尺度，相关时间尺度同步增加。在这里，大质量恒星最后的垂死挣扎期间发生的伽马射线暴也发挥了关键作用。由于它们的绝对亮度可以在很远的宇宙学距离之外观测到，因此我们可以将它们用作独特的背景探测器，以研究气体、恒星形成和尘埃之间的循环，这些循环控制着星系中恒星的形成。新的空间分辨光谱观测将使我们能够将这些信息与其宿主星系的互补观测有意义地配对。类似的技术将支持一项将星系动力学和形态观测结合起来的研究，以解决关于星系中心超大质量黑洞的燃料供给与星系间碰撞引起的破坏之间关系的长期争论。选择偏差将通过联合分析观测结果和先进的宇宙学模拟来解决。同样，将全新的观测结果与宇宙学模拟相结合，我们将把目光转向宇宙前沿，绘制早期宇宙演化的前 30 亿年中已知的最密集结构中星系的出现情况。我们对当今星系团的祖先的普查将揭示它们对早期恒星形成的重要性以及环境对星系演化的影响。它将进一步检验宇宙结构形成理论。在尽可能最大的时空尺度上，整个加速膨胀的宇宙是一个动态系统。精确的膨胀率是一个激烈争论的问题，不同的测量方法明显矛盾。我们对变星的实时监测有可能解决这一争论，或者揭示挑战我们标准宇宙学的基本新物理学。

项目成果

The JWST FRESCO survey: legacy NIRCam/grism spectroscopy and imaging in the two GOODS fields

JWST FRESCO 调查：两个 GOODS 领域中的传统 NIRCam/grism 光谱和成像

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stad2411
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Oesch P

A Detailed Study of Massive Galaxies in a Protocluster at z = 3.13

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aba626
• 发表时间: 2020-07
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Ke Shi;J. Toshikawa;Z. Cai;Kyoung-soo Lee;T. Fang

Optimized Photometric Redshifts for the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS)

宇宙组合近红外深河外遗产巡天 (CANDELS) 的优化光度红移

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac9f12
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Kodra D

Accelerated Galaxy Growth and Environmental Quenching in a Protocluster at z = 3.24

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abe62e
• 发表时间: 2021-02
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Ke Shi;J. Toshikawa;Kyoung-soo Lee;Tao Wang;Z. Cai;T. Fang

An enhanced abundance of bright galaxies in protocluster candidates at z ~ 3-5

z ~ 3-5 处原星系团候选者中明亮星系的丰度增加

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stad3162
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Toshikawa J