[Runoff] VITCaM: Virtual Inventory Toolkit for Catchment Management

VITCaM项目的目的是探索新的能力，利用创新的可视化技术以新的方式利用现有数据，增强流域管理的决策能力。无人机在高分辨率测绘方面的最新进展使得能够建立精细分辨率的3D流域模型，以比以往任何时候都更清晰和详细的方式表示环境变量、水文路径和风险来源。这些丰富的数据集提供了以新的和新颖的方式可视化集水区的机会，并可以将决策者对扩散污染风险来源的理解转变为更广泛的环境，以及不同的集水区压力如何相互作用。我们建议需要超越基于2D网络的地理信息系统工具和3D网络可视化，以实现决策的阶段性变化；我们将研究增强现实/虚拟现实(AR/VR)沉浸式决策体验的潜力，通过这种体验，物理和数字对象共存并实时交互，以帮助探索可适应的解决方案，以实现更好的流域管理。我们将使用参与式共同设计流程(通过在哈特里举办的研讨会形式，探索可用的技术)，并与相关利益相关者和最终用户(例如，农场顾问社区、STFC、环境监管机构、自来水公司土地管理团队、大型土地所有者、NERC、EPSRC、ESRI、农业技术中心、CEH、云计算提供商等)合作，以确保相关知识和最终用户的功能需求被纳入我们的建议中，以推进用于弥漫污染管理的数据可视化的新的协作方法。其愿景是使用建筑信息管理(BIM)来表示复杂的集水系统，并使用身临其境的可视化工具来使用AR/VR功能询问地理空间数据层的库存。BIM是使用面向对象的电子信息来设计、建造和运营一座建筑的过程，在我们的案例中，这座建筑将是一个集水系统。为什么这一点很重要？开放数据访问是研究的趋势，是许多资助机构的义务，也是政府机构和私人公司越来越多的做法。在大数据时代，范式正在从数据收集向数据分析转变。反过来，环境风险(例如农业径流和弥漫污染)的可视化通过将最终用户置于直接关注的景观或环境中，为流域管理者的决策提供了一个新的维度。通常，由于后勤和实际障碍，决策是在远离感兴趣的地点进行的，或者由缺乏最新知识的人员进行。将BIM与AR/VR结合起来可视化地显示景观如何产生风险将有助于消除障碍，但也将为以下方面提供机会：(I)协作决策环境；(Ii)围绕集水问题加强与利益相关者和社区的沟通；(Iii)可视化集水管理人员以进行测试，以指导未来的决策，从而提高对未来极端潮湿天气事件的适应能力。

The aim of the VITCaM project is to explore new capability for enhanced decision-making in catchment management using innovative visualisation technologies to exploit existing data in novel ways. Recent advances in high resolution mapping from drones has enabled fine resolution 3D catchment models to be built that represent environmental variables, hydrological pathways and risk sources with much greater clarity and detail than ever before. These rich datasets provide the opportunity to visualise catchments in new and novel ways, and can transform a decision-maker's understanding of the sources of diffuse pollution risk to the wider environment and how different catchment pressures interact. We propose a need to move beyond 2D web-based GIS tools and 3D web visualisation to deliver a step-change in decision-making; we will investigate the potential for Augmented-Reality/ Virtual Reality (AR/VR) immersive decision-making experiences whereby physical and digital objects co-exist and interact in real time to aid exploration of adaptable solutions for better catchment management. We will use a process of participatory co-design (via a workshop format, hosted at Hartree to explore available technologies) and work with relevant stakeholders & end-users (e.g. farm advisor communities, STFC, environmental regulators, water company land management teams, large land owners, NERC, EPSRC, ESRI, Agri-tech centres, CEH, cloud computing providers etc) to ensure relevant knowledge and end-user needs for functionality are integrated into our recommendations for taking forward a new collaborative approach to data visualisation for diffuse pollution management. The vision is to represent complex catchment systems using Building Information Management (BIM) and use immersive visualisation tools to interrogate an inventory of geospatial data layers using AR/VR capability. BIM is the process of designing, constructing and operating a building with the use of electronic object-orientated information, and in our case the 'building' will be a catchment system.Why is this important?: Open data access is the trend in research, an obligation from many funding agencies and an increasing practice from both governmental agencies and private companies. The paradigm is changing from data collection to data analysis in the era of Big Data. In turn, visualisations of environmental risks (e.g. agricultural runoff and diffuse pollution) provide a new dimension to decision-making for catchment managers by virtually placing the end-user within the landscape or environment of immediate concern. Often, due to logistics and practical barriers, decision-making is undertaken in a location far removed from the site of interest, or by personnel lacking up-to-date knowledge. The use of BIM coupled to AR/VR to visualise how risks are generated from the landscape will help to remove the barriers, but will also provide opportunities for (i) a collaborative decision-making environment; (ii) enhanced communication with stakeholders and communities around catchment issues and (iii) visualisations of 'what-if' scenarios for catchment managers to test in order to guide future decision-making and thus increase resilience to future extreme wet weather events.