Lancaster University: Observational Astrophysics PATT grant 2020-2022

兰卡斯特大学：观测天体物理学 PATT 补助金 2020-2022

• 批准号: ST/V002007/1
• 负责人: Julie Wardlow
• 金额: $ 1.29万
• 依托单位: Lancaster University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FV002007%2F1
• 关键词: Lancaster; University; Observational; Astrophysics; PATT

Astrophysics is the study of the physical nature of celestial objects and the Universe in which they live. The Astrophysics group at Lancaster has been set up in 2015 within the Physics Department, complementing the Theoretical Particle Cosmology and Space and Planetary Physics groups. The new group's research is primarily observational and tackles some of the most important open questions in Astrophysics, broadly centred around understanding the formation and evolution of galaxies, their central black holes and the properties of the Universe itself. The group's research on galaxies and super-massive black holes includes detailed studies of relatively nearby galaxies and galaxy clusters through to searches for the most distant galaxies observable. Through these studies we can probe the earliest systems that formed in the Universe. Related research on the properties of the Universe includes measuring cosmological parameters such as the expansion rate and geometry of the Universe, and the relative fractions and properties of its constituents, including ordinary matter and the mysterious dark matter and dark energy. Recently, with new staff members joining (Simmons, Wardlow and Pitkin), we have expanded to study some of the most active and dusty star-forming galaxies in the early Universe, but we also work on gravitational wave astronomy, specifically focusing on pulsars.Our research involves making state-of-the-art observations using the world's most powerful telescopes such as the Hubble Space Telescope and the facilities of the European Southern Observatory, including ALMA and VLT, but also LIGO and Virgo. At the same time the group is involved in the scientific planning for several new telescopes and instruments that will come online in the next 5-10 years and that will revolutionise research in astrophysics. These include the 4MOST spectrograph to be mounted on the VISTA telescope, the Rubin Observatory (an 8m diameter survey telescope), the 40m European Extremely Large Telescope and in space ESA's Euclid mission (a wide-field survey telescope for cosmology) and the James Webb Space Telescope.The main topics of research at Lancaster are:- the co-evolution of galaxies and super-massive black holes; galaxy morphologies; citizen science, Galaxy Zoo;- galaxy formation and evolution; emission-line galaxies; high-redshift galaxies; re-ionisation; the star formation history of the Universe; the early ISM and metal enrichment;- sub-mm galaxies- supernovae as cosmological probes; cosmological parameters; dark energy;- integral field spectroscopy; galaxy clusters and quasar absorption line studies;- scientific planning for future telescopes and instruments;- Continuous gravitational wave signals from pulsars In this proposal we are applying for the renewal of our PATT grant to continue to support our Observational Astrophysics group. The grant will cover the travel and subsistence costs of all researchers at Lancaster for observing runs at PATT approved telescopes. Even though our staff numbers have now doubled, more runs are being done remotely, and therefore we request a reduced amount this time.

天体物理学是研究天体的物理性质和它们所生活的宇宙。在兰开斯特天体物理组已成立于2015年在物理系，补充理论粒子宇宙学和空间和行星物理组。新小组的研究主要是观察性的，并解决天体物理学中一些最重要的悬而未决的问题，主要集中在了解星系的形成和演化、其中心黑洞以及宇宙本身的性质。该小组对星系和超大质量黑洞的研究包括对相对较近的星系和星系团的详细研究，以寻找可观测到的最遥远的星系。通过这些研究，我们可以探索宇宙中形成的最早的系统。对宇宙性质的相关研究包括测量宇宙学参数，如宇宙的膨胀率和几何形状，以及其组成部分的相对分数和性质，包括普通物质和神秘的暗物质和暗能量。随着新员工的加入，（西蒙斯，沃德洛和皮特金），我们已经扩大到研究早期宇宙中一些最活跃和尘埃最多的恒星形成星系，但我们也致力于引力波天文学，我们的研究涉及制造最先进的利用世界上最强大的望远镜，如哈勃太空望远镜和欧洲南方天文台的设施进行艺术观测，包括阿尔马和VLT，还有LIGO和Virgo。与此同时，该小组还参与了几个新望远镜和仪器的科学规划，这些望远镜和仪器将在未来5 - 10年内上线，并将彻底改变天体物理学的研究。其中包括安装在VISTA望远镜上的4MOST摄谱仪，鲁宾天文台（8米直径巡天望远镜）、40米欧洲超大望远镜和欧空局的空间欧几里得使命任务（宇宙学的宽视场巡天望远镜）和詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜。兰开斯特的主要研究课题是：-星系和超大质量黑洞的共同演化;星系形态学;公民科学，星系动物园;- 星系的形成和演化;发射线星系;高红移星系;再电离;宇宙的星星形成历史;早期ISM和金属富集;-亚毫米星系-作为宇宙学探测器的超新星;宇宙学参数;暗能量;-积分场光谱学;星系团和类星体吸收线研究;-未来望远镜和仪器的科学规划;在这个提议中，我们正在申请更新我们的PATT赠款，以继续支持我们的观测天体物理学小组。这笔赠款将支付兰开斯特所有研究人员在PATT批准的望远镜上进行观测的旅费和生活费。尽管我们的工作人员人数现在增加了一倍，但更多的运行是远程完成的，因此我们这次要求减少数量。