MODIFIABILITY OF PREATTENTIONAL PROCESSES

这份修订后的申请寻求支持对 有心理和无心理个体的前注意加工能力 智力迟缓。在本上下文中，前注意加工指的是 视觉加工的早期阶段，在认知或 注意力的影响。特别注意基本的视觉效果 颜色、形状和运动的维度。这些维度被认为是 由分开的皮质前视觉通路处理(例如，Livingstone和Hubel， 1988)，并作为图像分割和 深度信息的恢复。视觉的这些早期阶段的重要性 处理的关键在于它们的输出作为 感知和认知。如果患有AND的个体的前注意过程 没有智力障碍的人运作不一样，那么越高 处理中心将不会收到相同的输入。差异化 用于注意处理的信息输入应该具有 对行为造成戏剧性和广泛的后果。最近的研究(Carlin et Al.，1995；Fox&Oross，1990；1992)指出，有精神障碍的个体 迟缓不会以相同的方式预先注意处理视觉刺激 无智力障碍的个人。这种差异已经被识别出来了 跨各种实验任务，如视觉搜索和检测 运动定义的形式(即随机点运动图)。这些发现，如果发现 为了可靠和普遍，将具有重要的理论探讨 不同实验任务上智力差异的基础， 以及与设计最佳学习环境的应用相关性 和培训程序。综上所述，本申请旨在(A)评估 精神发育迟滞个体的注意前加工能力 全面，(B)通过以下方式确定已查明的缺陷的可修复性 知觉训练程序或刺激结构的操作(参看。 Soraci&Carlin，1992)，以及(C)评估刺激的“前端”操作 结构及其对高阶处理的影响(例如，匹配到 示例)。

This revised application seeks support for an investigation of the preattentional processing abilities of individuals with and without mental retardation. Preattentional processing, in the present context, refers to the early stages of visual processing that operate prior to cognitive or attentional influence. Particular attention is given to the fundamental visual dimensions of color, form, and motion. These dimensions are believed to be processed by separate precortical visual pathways (e.g., Livingstone & Hubel, 1988), and to serve as particularly important bases for image segmentation and recovery of depth information. The importance of these early stages of visual processing lies in the fact that their outputs serve as the basis for perception and cognition. If the preattentive processes of individuals with and without mental retardation do not operate identically, then the higher processing centers will not receive identical input. The differential informational input for attentional processing would be expected to have dramatic and widespread consequences for behavior. Recent studies (Carlin et al., 1995; Fox & Oross, 1990; 1992) have indicated that individuals with mental retardation do not process visual stimuli preattentively in the same manner as individuals without mental retardation. Such differences have been identified across experimental tasks as varied as visual search and detection of motion-defined forms (i.e., random dot kinematograms). These findings, if found to be reliable and general, would have import for theoretical discussions of the bases for intelligence-related differences on various experimental tasks, as well as applied relevance for the design of optimal learning environments and training procedures. In summary, this application seeks to (a) assess the preattentional processing abilities of individuals with mental retardation comprehensively, (b) determine the modifiability of identified deficits via perceptual training procedures or manipulations of stimulus structure (cf. Soraci & Carlin, 1992), and (c) assess "front-end" manipulations of stimulus structure and their effect on higher-order processing (e.g., matching to sample).