MODIFIABILITY OF PREATTENTIONAL PROCESSES

这一修订后的申请寻求支持，以调查 前注意加工能力的个体与非心理 迟钝前注意加工，在本文中，是指 视觉处理的早期阶段，在认知或 注意力的影响。特别注意的是基本的视觉 颜色、形状和运动的维度。这些尺寸被认为是 由单独的皮层前视觉通路处理（例如，利文斯通和胡贝尔， 1988年），并作为图像分割的特别重要的基础， 恢复深度信息。这些早期视觉阶段的重要性 处理在于其输出作为基础的事实， 感知和认知。如果患有和 无智力障碍者不操作相同，则较高 处理中心将不会接收相同的输入。差动 用于注意处理的信息输入应该具有 戏剧性的和广泛的后果的行为。最近的研究（Carlin et 例如，1995; Fox & Oross，1990; 1992）已经表明，患有精神疾病的人 迟钝的人不会像正常人那样预先注意地处理视觉刺激， 没有智力障碍的人。这种差异已经被发现 在不同的实验任务中， 运动定义的形式（即，随机点运动图）。这些发现，如果发现 可靠性和一般性，将有进口的理论讨论， 在各种实验任务上与智力相关的差异的基础， 以及最佳学习环境设计的应用相关性 和培训程序。本申请旨在（a）评估 精神发育迟滞个体的前注意加工能力 全面地，（B）通过以下方式确定已识别缺陷的可修改性 知觉训练过程或刺激结构的操纵（参见， Soraci & Carlin，1992），（c）评估刺激的“前端”操作 结构及其对高阶处理的影响（例如，匹配以 样品）。

This revised application seeks support for an investigation of the preattentional processing abilities of individuals with and without mental retardation. Preattentional processing, in the present context, refers to the early stages of visual processing that operate prior to cognitive or attentional influence. Particular attention is given to the fundamental visual dimensions of color, form, and motion. These dimensions are believed to be processed by separate precortical visual pathways (e.g., Livingstone & Hubel, 1988), and to serve as particularly important bases for image segmentation and recovery of depth information. The importance of these early stages of visual processing lies in the fact that their outputs serve as the basis for perception and cognition. If the preattentive processes of individuals with and without mental retardation do not operate identically, then the higher processing centers will not receive identical input. The differential informational input for attentional processing would be expected to have dramatic and widespread consequences for behavior. Recent studies (Carlin et al., 1995; Fox & Oross, 1990; 1992) have indicated that individuals with mental retardation do not process visual stimuli preattentively in the same manner as individuals without mental retardation. Such differences have been identified across experimental tasks as varied as visual search and detection of motion-defined forms (i.e., random dot kinematograms). These findings, if found to be reliable and general, would have import for theoretical discussions of the bases for intelligence-related differences on various experimental tasks, as well as applied relevance for the design of optimal learning environments and training procedures. In summary, this application seeks to (a) assess the preattentional processing abilities of individuals with mental retardation comprehensively, (b) determine the modifiability of identified deficits via perceptual training procedures or manipulations of stimulus structure (cf. Soraci & Carlin, 1992), and (c) assess "front-end" manipulations of stimulus structure and their effect on higher-order processing (e.g., matching to sample).