EIC Detector R&D

该项目旨在开发一些关键的探测器技术，以便在未来的电子-离子对撞机设施（EIC）中提供科学，该设施将在未来十年内在美国建造。建成后，EIC将成为世界上第一台极化电子与原子核或极化质子/轻离子的对撞机。它有望彻底改变我们对强相互作用的理解，强相互作用是自然界的基本力量之一，它控制着强子的行为，占宇宙可见质量的99%以上。它将使科学家能够对强子内部的夸克和胶子进行细致的成像，不仅研究它们如何分布，而且研究它们如何移动和相互作用。实验将能够解决科学中关于物质性质的一些最基本的问题：质子如何获得自旋，强子如何从几乎没有质量的夸克获得质量，胶子如何阻止夸克作为自由粒子被观察到，并确定是否存在由高密度物质组成的新形式EIC将使这成为可能，它在能量范围、光度、双极化光束、以及探测重核中夸克和胶子的能力。实验的挑战是同时测量高精度的散射电子，反冲核子及其极化，以及在每个相互作用中发射的任何其他粒子。该项目将开发使用下一代单片有源像素传感器跟踪最接近相互作用点的粒子所需的技术。它还将开发在相互作用点上游和下游以最小散射角测量电子和反冲核子所需的技术。额外的信息将通过测量散射核子的极化使用一种新的技术称为化学超极化。

This project aims to develop some of the key detector technologies needed to deliver the science at a future Electron-Ion Collider facility (EIC), which is to be constructed in the United States over the next decade. When built, the EIC will be the world's first collider of polarised electrons with nuclei or polarised protons/light ions. It promises to revolutionise our understanding of the strong interaction, one of the fundamental forces of nature, which governs the behaviour of hadrons and accounts for more than 99% of the visible mass of the universe. It will allow scientists to image, in exquisite detail, the quarks and gluons that are found inside hadrons, studying not only how they are distributed but also how they move and interact with one another. Experiments will be able to address some of the most fundamental questions in science on the nature of matter: how the proton gets its spin, how hadrons acquire their mass from quarks that are almost massless, how gluons prevent quarks from being observed as free particles, and establish whether there are emergent forms of matter made of densely-packed gluons.The EIC will make this possible by exceeding the capabilities of all previous electron-scattering machines in terms of its range of energy, luminosity, dual-polarised beams, and the ability to probe the quarks and gluons within heavy nuclei. The experimental challenge is to simultaneously measure with high precision the scattered electron, the recoil nucleon and its polarisation, and any other particles emitted in each interaction. This project will develop the technology needed to track particles closest to the interaction point using next-generation monolithic active pixel sensors. It will also develop the technology needed to measure electrons and recoil nucleons at the smallest scattering angles far upstream and downstream of the interaction point. Additional information will be provided by measuring the polarisation of the scattered nucleons using a novel technology known as Chemical Hyperpolarisation.