DYNAMIC PATTERNS OF SPEECH AERODYNAMICS IN CHILDREN

描述（来自申请人摘要）：大量证据表明， 语音中喉控制的获得经历了一个相当长的过程， 发展阶段，儿童和青少年之间存在系统性差异， 成年人的空气动力学量和一些声源特性。 空气动力学数据可以提供喉行为的某些方面的信息 在声音信号中并不明显。很少有研究利用这一事实， 然而，缺乏关于口腔流动的动态模式的工作， 儿童压力数据。这项拟议中的研究将收集声学，口头 4-5岁和9-10岁儿童的气流和口内压以及对照组 一群成年人用简短的话语发出/B p h z s/。逆滤波 口腔气流信号将被测量几个周期之前和之后， 判断孩子的辅音声源特征（开 商，速度商，f0，脉冲幅度）显示辅音诱导的 幅度和持续时间的变化与成年人相似。平滑版本的 测量口内气压信号以确定形状 压力脉冲的时间特性，在双唇关闭， 年龄和辅音类型的功能（浊与清）。最后， 将对摩擦音/s/和/h/中的气流信号进行比较， 确定两人的绑架模式是否存在明显差异 声音，以及儿童的喉部行为和喉口协调 与成年人相比。该分析的一部分将使用非线性归一化， 获得每个受试者中每个辅音的代表性平均值，并 调查在整个过程中的变化的时间变化模式， 辅音这些分析将扩展以前的工作喉和发声 控制儿童，将提供必要的数据，空气动力学建模的 发展声道，并将允许制定更具体的 喉部和空气动力学控制发展的假设。

DESCRIPTION (from applicant's abstract): Considerable evidence indicates that the acquisition of laryngeal control in speech undergoes a rather protracted period of development and that systematic differences exist between children and adults in aerodynamic quantities and in some voice source characteristics. Aerodynamic data can provide information on some aspects of laryngeal behavior not evident in the acoustic signal. Few studies have exploited this fact, however, and there is a dearth of work on dynamic patterns of oral flow and pressure data from children. The proposed study will collect acoustics, oral airflow and intraoral pressure from children ages 4-5 and 9-10 and a control group of adults producing /b p h z s/ in short utterances. The inverse-filtered oral airflow signal will be measured for several periods before and after the consonants to determine whether children's voice source characteristics (open quotient, speed quotient, f0, pulse amplitudes) show consonantally-induced variations of magnitudes and durations similar to adults. Smoothed versions of the intraoral air pressure signals will be measured to determine the shape and temporal characteristics of the pressure pulse during bilabial closures as functions of age and consonant type (voiced versus voiceless). Finally, comparisons of the airflow signals in the fricatives /s/ and /h/ will be made to determine whether clear differences exist in the abduction patterns for the two sounds, and how children's laryngeal behavior and laryngeal-oral coordination compares to adults. Part of this analysis will use nonlinear normalization to obtain a representative average for each consonant in each subject and to investigate the time-varying patterns of variability over the course of the consonant. These analyses will extend previous work on laryngeal and voicing control in children, will supply data necessary for aerodynamic modeling of the developing vocal tract, and will allow the formulation of more specific hypotheses about the development of laryngeal and aerodynamic control.