DYNAMIC PATTERNS OF SPEECH AERODYNAMICS IN CHILDREN

描述(摘自申请人的摘要)：大量证据表明 语言中喉咙控制的获得经历了一个相当漫长的过程 儿童和儿童之间存在着系统差异 成年人在空气动力量和某些声源特征上。 空气动力学数据可以提供有关喉部行为的某些方面的信息 在声音信号中不明显。很少有研究利用这一事实， 然而，关于口腔血流动态模式的研究还很少。 来自儿童的压力数据。拟议的研究将收集声学、口头 4-5岁和9-10岁儿童和对照组儿童的气流和口内压 一群成年人说出/b p hz S/在简短的话语中。逆滤波 口腔气流信号将在手术前后的几个时间段内进行测量 辅音判断儿童的声源特征(打开 商、速度商、f0、脉冲幅度)显示辅音诱导 与成虫相似的大小和持续时间的变化。平滑版本的 将测量口腔内气压信号以确定形状和 双肺关闭过程中压力脉冲的时间特性 年龄和辅音类型的功能(浊音与清音)。最后， 将对/S/和/h/中的气流信号进行比较 确定两人的绑架模式是否存在明显差异 声音，以及儿童的喉部行为和喉口协调 与成年人相比。此分析的一部分将使用非线性归一化来 获取每个科目中每个辅音的代表性平均值 调查在整个过程中的变异性的时间变化模式 辅音。这些分析将扩展以前关于喉咙和发声的工作 在儿童中的控制，将提供空气动力学建模所需的数据 发展声道，会让制定得更具体 关于喉部发育和空气动力学控制的假说。

DESCRIPTION (from applicant's abstract): Considerable evidence indicates that the acquisition of laryngeal control in speech undergoes a rather protracted period of development and that systematic differences exist between children and adults in aerodynamic quantities and in some voice source characteristics. Aerodynamic data can provide information on some aspects of laryngeal behavior not evident in the acoustic signal. Few studies have exploited this fact, however, and there is a dearth of work on dynamic patterns of oral flow and pressure data from children. The proposed study will collect acoustics, oral airflow and intraoral pressure from children ages 4-5 and 9-10 and a control group of adults producing /b p h z s/ in short utterances. The inverse-filtered oral airflow signal will be measured for several periods before and after the consonants to determine whether children's voice source characteristics (open quotient, speed quotient, f0, pulse amplitudes) show consonantally-induced variations of magnitudes and durations similar to adults. Smoothed versions of the intraoral air pressure signals will be measured to determine the shape and temporal characteristics of the pressure pulse during bilabial closures as functions of age and consonant type (voiced versus voiceless). Finally, comparisons of the airflow signals in the fricatives /s/ and /h/ will be made to determine whether clear differences exist in the abduction patterns for the two sounds, and how children's laryngeal behavior and laryngeal-oral coordination compares to adults. Part of this analysis will use nonlinear normalization to obtain a representative average for each consonant in each subject and to investigate the time-varying patterns of variability over the course of the consonant. These analyses will extend previous work on laryngeal and voicing control in children, will supply data necessary for aerodynamic modeling of the developing vocal tract, and will allow the formulation of more specific hypotheses about the development of laryngeal and aerodynamic control.