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UK participation in the pre-production phase of CTA extension 2022

英国参与 2022 年 CTA 延期的预制作阶段

基本信息

批准号：
ST/X001741/1
负责人：
Jonathan Lapington
金额：
$ 19.27万
依托单位：
University of Leicester
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2022 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FX001741%2F1
关键词：
UK participation pre production phase

项目摘要

The Universe is full of particles with energies so great that they are travelling at very close to the speed of light. They affect the Universe in many ways, influencing the life cycles of stars and the evolution of galaxies. These particles are hard to trace but can reveal their presence by producing gamma rays. Like their lower-energy cousins, X-rays, gamma rays do not penetrate the Earth's atmosphere and usually satellite-based telescopes are used to detect them. However, at very high energies (VHE) there are so few gamma rays that detecting them using spacecraft becomes impossible. Luckily, it is possible to observe them from the ground via the flashes of blue light, Cherenkov radiation, produced when they interact in the atmosphere. The glow from Cherenkov radiation in the atmosphere is 10,000 times fainter than starlight, so large mirrors are required to collect it, and because the flashes last only a few billionths of a second, ultra-fast cameras are needed to record them. We know from current ground-based gamma-ray telescopes such as HESS that there is a wealth of phenomena to be studied. VHE gamma ray telescopes have detected the remains of supernova explosions, binary star systems, highly energetic jets produced by black holes in distant galaxies, star formation regions, and many other objects. These observations can help us to understand not only what is going on inside these objects, but also answer fundamental physics questions relating to the nature of Dark Matter and of space-time itself. However, we have reached the limit of what can be done with current instruments, and so over 1640 scientists and engineers from 31 countries around the world have come together to build a new instrument - the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA).CTA will offer a dramatic increase in sensitivity over current instruments and extend the energy range of the gamma rays observed to both lower and higher values. It is predicted that the catalogue of known VHE emitting objects will expand from the roughly 200 known now to over 1000, and we can expect many new discoveries in key areas of astrophysics and fundamental physics. To achieve the energy coverage of CTA, telescopes of three different sizes are needed: Small (~4 m diameter), Medium (12 m) and Large (23 m) Sized Telescopes (SSTs, MSTs and LSTs, respectively). CTA will have arrays in the northern and southern hemispheres. Both arrays will include LSTs and MSTs, and the SSTs will be situated only in the souths as these are designed to investigate the highest energy phenomena, which are visible mainlyin the southern sky. We expect construction of the first telescopes on the CTA southern site to begin in 2024.There are currently 12 UK universities and Laboratories involved in CTA. The four UK groups developing the hardware are concentrating their efforts on the construction of the SSTs for which we previously developed the Compact High Energy Camera (CHEC). CHEC was selected along with the Italian ASTRI telescope structure, from the three competing SST designs, as the basis for the final SST design. During the 2022 funding period we will complete:1. Manufacture, assembly and test of the MCAM, a mechanical model to validate the mechanical design and test assembly procedures.2. Manufacture, assembly and test of the QCAM, a full camera build but using a backplane with full functionality in only one quadrant (full back plane delayed by long FPGA lead time) and populated with 8 camera modules (comprising a 64-pixel SiPM tile, FEE, and TM). 3. Additional testing on single camera modules (comprising a 64-pixel SiPM tile, FEE, and TM) at Leicester, MPIK, and Erlangen to accelerate sensor and electronics subsystems verification.4. Preparation of camera documentation for the following:a) SST internal Product Review (PR) in September 2022, which we will use as a dry run for the CDR.b) CDR, currently scheduled for July 2023.

宇宙中充满了能量巨大的粒子，它们以非常接近光速的速度运动。它们在很多方面影响着宇宙，影响着恒星的生命周期和星系的演化。这些粒子很难追踪，但可以通过产生伽马射线来揭示它们的存在。和低能射线x射线一样，伽马射线不能穿透地球大气层，通常用卫星望远镜来探测。然而，在极高能量（VHE）下，伽马射线非常少，用航天器探测它们是不可能的。幸运的是，在地面上可以通过它们在大气中相互作用时产生的蓝光（切伦科夫辐射）来观察它们。大气中切伦科夫辐射发出的光比星光微弱1万倍，所以需要大型镜子来收集它，而且由于闪光只持续几十亿分之一秒，所以需要超高速相机来记录它们。从目前的地面伽玛射线望远镜，如HESS，我们知道有大量的现象需要研究。VHE伽马射线望远镜已经探测到超新星爆炸的遗迹、双星系统、遥远星系中黑洞产生的高能射流、恒星形成区和许多其他物体。这些观测不仅可以帮助我们了解这些物体内部发生了什么，还可以回答与暗物质和时空本身的本质有关的基本物理问题。然而，我们已经达到了现有仪器的极限，因此来自世界31个国家的1640多名科学家和工程师聚集在一起建造了一种新的仪器——切伦科夫望远镜阵列（CTA）。CTA将大大提高现有仪器的灵敏度，并将观测到的伽马射线的能量范围扩展到更低和更高的值。据预测，已知的VHE发射物体的目录将从目前已知的大约200个扩展到1000多个，我们可以期待在天体物理学和基础物理学的关键领域有许多新的发现。为了实现CTA的能量覆盖，需要三种不同尺寸的望远镜：小型（直径~4米）、中型（12米）和大型（23米）望远镜（分别为SSTs、MSTs和LSTs）。CTA将在北半球和南半球设置阵列。这两个阵列都将包括lst和mst， sst将只位于南方，因为它们被设计用来调查主要在南方天空可见的最高能量现象。我们预计CTA南部地区的第一批望远镜将于2024年开始建造。目前有12所英国大学和实验室参与了CTA。开发硬件的四个英国小组正在集中精力建造sst，我们之前为其开发了紧凑型高能相机（CHEC）。CHEC和意大利应科院的望远镜结构从三个竞争的SST设计中被选中，作为最终SST设计的基础。在2022年的资助期内，我们将完成：MCAM的制造、装配和测试，一个机械模型来验证机械设计和测试装配程序。QCAM的制造、组装和测试，这是一个完整的相机构建，但使用的背板只有一个象限的全部功能（由于FPGA前置时间长而延迟的全背板），并填充了8个相机模块（包括64像素SiPM tile、FEE和TM）。3. 在Leicester， MPIK和Erlangen对单个相机模块（包括64像素SiPM tile， FEE和TM）进行额外测试，以加速传感器和电子子系统的验证。为以下事项准备相机文档：a) 2022年9月的SST内部产品评审（PR），我们将将其用作CDR的演练。b) CDR，目前计划于2023年7月发布。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

The Cherenkov Telescope Array: layout, design and performance

切伦科夫望远镜阵列：布局、设计和性能

DOI：
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Proceedings of Science
影响因子：
0
作者：
Abdalla H.
通讯作者：
Abdalla H.

The Small-Sized Telescopes for the Southern Site of the Cherenkov Telescope Array

切伦科夫望远镜阵列南站的小型望远镜

DOI：
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference
影响因子：
0
作者：
Tagliaferri Gianpiero;Antonelli Angelo;Arnesen Tora;Aschersleben Jann;Attina' Primo;Balbo Matteo;Bang Sunghyun;Barcelo Miquel;Baryshev Andrey;Bellassai Giancarlo;et al.;Adams Colin B. et al.;H. Abe et al.;H. Abe et al.;H. Abe et al.;B. Mode et al.;H. Abe et al.;R. Lopez-Coto et al.;R. White et al.
通讯作者：
R. White et al.

HAWC J2227+610: A potential PeVatron candidate for the CTA in the northern hemisphere

HAWC J2227 610：北半球 CTA 的潜在 PeVatron 候选者

DOI：
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
arXiv
影响因子：
0
作者：
Abdalla, H.
通讯作者：
Abdalla, H.

Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array to TeV photon emission from the Large Magellanic Cloud

切伦科夫望远镜阵列对大麦哲伦星云 TeV 光子发射的灵敏度

DOI：
10.1093/mnras/stad1576
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Acharyya, A;Adam, R;Aguasca-Cabot, A;Agudo, I;Aguirre-Santaella, A;Alfaro, J;Aloisio, R;Alves Batista, R;Amato, E;Angüner, E O
通讯作者：
Angüner, E O

Design and performance of the prototype Schwarzschild-Couder telescope camera

Schwarzschild-Couder 望远镜相机原型的设计和性能

DOI：
10.1117/1.jatis.8.1.014007
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems
影响因子：
0
作者：
Tagliaferri Gianpiero;Antonelli Angelo;Arnesen Tora;Aschersleben Jann;Attina' Primo;Balbo Matteo;Bang Sunghyun;Barcelo Miquel;Baryshev Andrey;Bellassai Giancarlo;et al.;Adams Colin B. et al.
通讯作者：
Adams Colin B. et al.