UK ELT Programme PPRP 2022

英国 ELT 项目 PPRP 2022

• 批准号: ST/X002322/1
• 负责人: Niranjan Thatte
• 金额: $ 719.34万
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FX002322%2F1
• 关键词: UK; ELT; Programme; PPRP; 2022

The Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) is now under construction in the Atacama Desert in northern Chile by the European Southern Observatory (ESO). With a diameter of 39m and a greater collecting area than all current large telescopes combined, the sensitivity and spatial resolution of the ELT will dwarf those of existing facilities in the visible and infrared. With the first observations planned for 2027, the sheer sensitivity of the ELT is truly remarkable, with a collecting area over 18 times that of ESO's current largest telescopes. The telescope will also continuously correct the light from astronomical objects with a technique called adaptive optics, giving astronomers images with five times better resolution than possible today.This vast step forward in both collecting area and image resolution from the ELT will be transformative for nearly every aspect of contemporary astronomy, from searches for molecules potentially linked to life in nearby exoplanets, out to detection of the most distant galaxies at the edge of the observable Universe. It will give us our first detailed views of individual stars in galaxies which are millions of light-years beyond the Milky Way and help to settle arguments as to whether some of the fundamental constants of physics vary in space and time. It will have the capabilities to directly detect mature planets similar to those in our Solar System around nearby stars, while also probing the distribution of elusive dark matter in galaxies when the Universe was just 10% of its current age. This is just a small subset of the diverse and profound scientific breakthroughs we expect from the ELT, and UK astronomers and engineers are playing leading roles in the development of the cameras and spectrographs that will take the valuable observations in the late 2020s and beyond.Building on more than 15 years of scientific and technical development, the UK ELT Programme coordinates the UK roles in ELT instrumentation. At the core of the programme is leadership of the design and construction of the HARMONI instrument, one of the two first-light instruments for the telescope, ensuring UK astronomers will be well prepared to reap the rewards from ELT observations as soon as possible and some of its first discoveries.The programme also includes smaller roles in future instruments, so that UK astronomers can exploit as much as possible of the tremendous new discovery space of the ELT. The UK is building the high-resolution spectrograph for METIS, the third instrument for the ELT, now in construction (led by the Netherlands). UK groups also have key roles in soon-to-commence construction of the next instruments, ANDES (formerly HIRES, led by Italy) and MOSAIC (led by France), both of which will be essential to exploit the huge scientific opportunities of the observatory. Lastly, the programme is investing in research and development of new technologies that will influence the design of future ELT instruments, particularly the development of the PCS instrument for studies of exoplanets.

欧洲南方天文台（ESO）目前正在智利北部的阿塔卡马沙漠建造超大型望远镜（ELT）。它的直径为39米，收集面积比目前所有大型望远镜的总和还要大，它的灵敏度和空间分辨率将使现有的可见光和红外望远镜相形见绌。随着第一次观测计划在2027年进行，ELT的灵敏度确实令人瞩目，其收集面积是ESO目前最大望远镜的18倍以上。该望远镜还将通过一种被称为自适应光学的技术不断地校正来自天文物体的光线，为天文学家提供比现在分辨率高5倍的图像。从寻找可能与附近系外行星上的生命有关的分子，到探测可观测宇宙边缘最遥远的星系，ELT在收集面积和图像分辨率方面的巨大进步，将对当代天文学的几乎每一个方面产生革命性的影响。它将使我们第一次详细地看到银河系之外数百万光年的星系中单个恒星的情况，并有助于解决一些关于物理学的基本常数是否随时间和空间而变化的争论。它将有能力直接探测类似于我们太阳系附近恒星周围的成熟行星，同时还能探测宇宙只有当前年龄10%时星系中难以捉摸的暗物质的分布。这只是我们期望从ELT中获得的各种深刻科学突破的一小部分，英国天文学家和工程师正在相机和光谱仪的开发中发挥主导作用，这些相机和光谱仪将在本世纪20年代末及以后进行有价值的观测。在超过15年的科技发展的基础上，英国英语教学计划协调了英国在英语教学仪器方面的作用。该计划的核心是领导设计和建造HARMONI仪器，这是望远镜的两个最早的光学仪器之一，确保英国天文学家将做好充分准备，尽快从ELT观测和一些首次发现中获得回报。该计划还包括在未来的仪器中扮演更小的角色，这样英国天文学家就可以尽可能多地利用ELT的巨大新发现空间。英国正在为METIS建造高分辨率光谱仪，这是ELT的第三台仪器，目前正在建造中（由荷兰领导）。英国集团在即将开始的下一个仪器——安第斯望远镜（以前称为HIRES，由意大利领导）和马赛克望远镜（由法国领导）——的建设中也发挥着关键作用，这两个仪器对于利用天文台的巨大科学机会至关重要。最后，该方案正在投资研究和发展新技术，这些技术将影响未来ELT仪器的设计，特别是用于研究系外行星的PCS仪器的开发。

项目成果

Solar System observations with the ESO Extremely Large Telescope

使用 ESO 极大望远镜观测太阳系

• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Proceedings of the Annual meeting of the French Society of Astronomy and Astrophysics
• 作者: Delsanti A.

On the detectability of strong lensing in near-infrared surveys

近红外巡天中强透镜效应的可探测性

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stad2371
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Holloway P

Anti-Black racism workshop during the Vera C. Rubin Observatory virtual 2021 Project and Community Workshop

Vera C. Rubin 天文台 2021 年虚拟项目和社区研讨会期间的反黑人种族主义研讨会

• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2310.12177
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: arXiv e-prints
• 作者: Malag P

Bright extragalactic ALMA redshift survey (BEARS) III: detailed study of emission lines from 71 Herschel targets

明亮河外 ALMA 红移巡天 (BEARS) III：详细研究 71 个赫歇尔目标的发射线

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stad784
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Hagimoto M

A Bayesian Approach to Strong Lens Finding in the Era of Wide-area Surveys

广域调查时代强透镜寻找的贝叶斯方法

• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2311.07455
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: arXiv e-prints
• 作者: Holloway Philip