Generation of oat varieties with enhanced resistance to crown rust and mildew

培育具有增强抗冠锈病和霉病能力的燕麦品种

• 批准号: TS/I000860/1
• 负责人: Jane Thomas
• 金额: $ 5.4万
• 依托单位: National Institute of Agricultural Botany
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=TS%2FI000860%2F1
• 关键词: Generation; oat; varieties; enhanced; resistance

Oats are a minor cereal in the UK, currently grown on around 135,000 ha. However, they have a number of high value markets, and are known for health giving attributes. They also provide a useful break crop for farmers and help to reduce weed and disease problems in other crops. However, oats are prone to infection by two serious foliar pathogens, mildew and crown rust. Both of these can reduce yield, by up to 50% if left uncontrolled. Fungicides are normally used on the oat crop, but this is becoming increasingly difficult for two reasons - firstly the market requirement for many crops to be grown with low or nil pesticide inputs and secondly the loss of available products due to recent regulation. There is thus an extremely strong imperative to develop oat varieties with resistance to mildew and crown rust. Many resistant varieties have been bred in the past, but the resistance breaks down frequently due to the inherent capacity of the mildew and rust pathogens to vary in virulence, and develop pathotypes which overcome host resistance factors. This work will examine the effectives of types of resistance which could be more durable, introduced into modern oat varieties from the older variety Maldwyn, where resistance remained effective over many years. There is little or no current knowledge of the extent of variation in virulence within oat mildew and crown rust populations in the UK. A vital part of the research will be to build up a panel of typed pathogen isolates which represent of UK populations and use these to test breeding material. Effective field and controlled environment screens will be developed, and the latter will be used to check the stability of resistance under different temperature regimes. Some resistance factors, particularly in cereal rusts, lose effectiveness under higher temperatures. Given potential temperature shifts in the future, it is essential that resistance factors introduced now are evaluated under higher temperature regimes. The research will provide a new link between cereal pathogen virulence expertise and the major oat breeding programme in the UK to generate the development of oat varieties with effective disease resistance and little or no fungicide requirement.

燕麦是英国的一种次要谷物，目前种植面积约为13.5万公顷。然而，他们有一些高价值的市场，并以健康属性而闻名。它们还为农民提供了一种有用的中间作物，并有助于减少其他作物的杂草和疾病问题。然而，燕麦容易受到两种严重的叶面病原体，霉菌和冠锈病的感染。如果不加以控制，这两种方法都会降低产量，最高可达50%。杀真菌剂通常用于燕麦作物，但由于两个原因，这变得越来越困难-首先，市场要求许多作物在低农药投入或零农药投入的情况下种植，其次，由于最近的法规，现有产品的损失。因此，极有必要开发抗白粉病和冠锈病的燕麦品种。过去已经培育了许多抗性品种，但是由于霉菌和锈菌病原体的固有能力在毒力上变化，并且发展出克服宿主抗性因素的致病型，抗性经常被破坏。这项工作将检查类型的有效性，可能是更持久的，引入到现代燕麦品种从老品种Maldwyn，其中电阻仍然有效多年。有很少或没有目前的知识，在英国燕麦白粉病和冠锈病种群的毒力变化的程度。这项研究的一个重要部分将是建立一个代表英国人口的病原体分离物小组，并使用这些来测试育种材料。将开发有效的现场和受控环境屏幕，后者将用于检查不同温度条件下电阻的稳定性。一些抗性因子，特别是谷物锈病中的抗性因子，在较高温度下失去效力。考虑到未来潜在的温度变化，现在引入的电阻系数必须在更高的温度条件下进行评估。这项研究将为谷物病原体毒力专业知识与英国主要燕麦育种计划之间提供新的联系，以开发具有有效抗病性和很少或不需要杀真菌剂的燕麦品种。

项目成果

Recent changes in oat crown rust and mildew populations in the UK and implications for resistance breeding

英国燕麦冠锈病和霉菌种群的最新变化及其对抗性育种的影响

• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Birchmore, R