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The Regulation of Chromosome Axis formation in Plant Meiosis

植物减数分裂中染色体轴形成的调控

基本信息

批准号：
1644151
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of Birmingham
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1644151
关键词：
Regulation Chromosome Axis formation Plant

项目摘要

In all sexually reproducing eukaryotes, meiotic recombination is essential for the maintenance of the ploidy level of the species, and the introduction of genetic variation. Both require genetic crossovers (COs) formed during meiosis. The first step in CO formation is the production of double strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA. In many species, the number of DSBs produced far outweighs the number of COs that eventually resolve; in Arabidopsis thaliana, approximately 5% of DSBs will become COs. Several levels of control on CO frequency and distribution have previously been elucidated. In many cereal species such as Wheat, these stringent controls on recombination result in up to 50% of the genetic information being inaccessible to plant breeders. It is still not fully understood how the decision to make a CO is made, but it is known that the interaction between the recombination machinery, the chromosome axis, and the global remodelling of chromosomes during meiosis is crucial. Investigating the role of the chromosome axis in meiosis is therefore essential if we are to learn how we might manipulate meiotic recombination, and allow crop breeders to more rapidly develop new, improved cultivars. Through a combination of innovative molecular and cytogenetic techniques, this PhD project aims to further our understanding of the role of the chromosome axes in meiosis, and how individual proteins are regulated. This will include investigation of the protein-protein interactions and post-transcriptional modifications that may influence the regulation and role of several core axis proteins, as well as the use of super-resolution microscopy to visualise the axis in greater detail.

在所有有性繁殖的真核生物中，减数分裂重组对于维持物种的倍性水平和引入遗传变异至关重要。两者都需要减数分裂过程中形成的遗传交叉（CO）。 CO 形成的第一步是 DNA 中双链断裂 (DSB) 的产生。在许多物种中，产生的 DSB 数量远远超过最终分解的 CO 数量；在拟南芥中，大约 5% 的 DSB 将变成 CO。先前已经阐明了对 CO 频率和分布的几个控制级别。在小麦等许多谷物品种中，对重组的严格控制导致植物育种者无法获取高达 50% 的遗传信息。目前尚不完全清楚如何做出 CO 的决定，但众所周知，减数分裂期间重组机制、染色体轴和染色体整体重塑之间的相互作用至关重要。因此，如果我们要了解如何操纵减数分裂重组，并让作物育种者能够更快地开发新的改良品种，那么研究染色体轴在减数分裂中的作用至关重要。通过结合创新的分子和细胞遗传学技术，该博士项目旨在进一步了解染色体轴在减数分裂中的作用以及单个蛋白质的调节方式。这将包括研究可能影响几种核心轴蛋白的调节和作用的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用和转录后修饰，以及使用超分辨率显微镜更详细地可视化轴。