Higher order mechanisms in color discrimination

颜色辨别的高阶机制

• 批准号: 6371139
• 负责人: ALLEN L NAGY
• 金额: $ 13.78万
• 依托单位: WRIGHT STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-07-05 至 2004-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6371139
• 关键词: attention; behavioral /social science research tag; brightness discrimination; color visions; human subject; neural information processing; performance; psychophysics; sensory mechanism; vision tests; visual perception; visual stimulus; visual tracking

Studies of human color vision suggest that much of the data on detection and discrimination of color stimuli can be explained with only three independent cardinal mechanisms, tuned to different directions in color space, and a summation rule such as probability summation. Recent studies suggest that higher order color mechanisms, tuned to many different directions in color space, may influence detection and discrimination of color stimuli under some conditions. The action of higher order color mechanisms has been revealed most clearly by changes in the adaptive state of the observer. These higher order color mechanisms presumably combine signals from the three cardinal mechanisms which are believed to be formed in the initial stages of the visual system. Two aims of the proposed work are to determine whether cardinal mechanisms function independently in chromatic search tasks and whether higher order color mechanisms, tuned to many different directions in color space, contribute to the detection of a target stimulus in chromatic search tasks. Studies of visual search tasks have suggested that a somewhat different, more flexible, type of higher order mechanism under attentional control may contribute to the detection of a target stimulus among heterogeneous distractor stimuli. Results from these studies suggest that signals in different sensory coding mechanisms may be combined in mechanisms under attentional control to facilitate detection of the target. The sensory signals to be combined can be selected by the observer and may vary from task to task. The third aim of the proposed work is to investigate how signals in different color mechanisms are combined in mechanisms under attentional control to facilitate the detection of a target stimulus among distractor stimuli that are heterogeneous in color.

对人类色彩视觉的研究表明，许多关于色彩刺激检测和辨别的数据可以用三种独立的基本机制来解释，这些机制在色彩空间中被调整到不同的方向，以及一个求和规则，如概率求和。最近的研究表明，在某些条件下，高阶色彩机制可能会影响色彩刺激的检测和辨别。高阶色彩机制的作用通过观察者自适应状态的变化得到了最清晰的揭示。这些高阶的颜色机制可能结合了来自三种基本机制的信号，这些基本机制被认为是在视觉系统的初始阶段形成的。本研究的两个目的是确定基本机制是否在颜色搜索任务中独立发挥作用，以及在颜色空间中调整到许多不同方向的高阶颜色机制是否有助于在颜色搜索任务中检测目标刺激。对视觉搜索任务的研究表明，注意控制下的一种不同的、更灵活的高阶机制可能有助于在异质干扰物刺激中发现目标刺激。这些研究结果表明，不同感觉编码机制的信号可能在注意控制机制下组合在一起，以促进对目标的检测。要组合的感官信号可以由观察者选择，并且可以因任务而异。本研究的第三个目的是研究不同颜色机制的信号如何在注意控制下的机制中组合，以促进在不同颜色的分心刺激中发现目标刺激。