Biosecurity to slow the spread of invasive non-native species

生物安全减缓入侵非本地物种的传播

• 批准号: 1774368
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Leeds
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1774368
• 关键词: Biosecurity; slow; spread; invasive; non

Invasive Non Native Species (INNS) threaten ecosystem services, with increasing economic costs (~£1.7bn pa to GB). Freshwaters ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to the spread of INNS through trade, transport and recreation. E.g. zebra mussels block water pipes, salmon lice damage fish stocks, floating pennywort disrupts navigation and can lead to flooding. Once INNS become established it is often impractical and expensive to manage them. Our most effective response is robust biosecurity to prevent their introduction and spread, with new EU legislation on Invasive Alien Species 2015 emphasising management of pathways for introduction.In 2010, DEFRA launched the "Check Clean Dry" campaign, to encourage people to check, clean and dry equipment to kill potential "hitchhiking" INNS and minimise their spread. However, tests of the effectiveness of this treatment showed that most of the species on the EAs "least wanted" list that in fact survived several days' drying. We found that soaking equipment in hand-hot water (450 C) caused increased mortality (>95%, Anderson et al. 2015). This treatment has been incorporated into the biosecurity guidance of the EA and the GB Non Native Species Secretariat, but further development is needed.KNOWLEDGE GAPS. The EA have identified that the lack of pragmatic advice that they can offer staff and the public, coupled with poor understanding with regards the efficacy of these methods, is undermining their ability to manage this risk. It is essential that the biosecurityadvice the EA adopts and promotes is effective against the broadest range of risks possible, namely invasive non-native plants and animals, and the diseases and parasites that impact plants and animals. The EA are about to embark on a programme of facilities upgrades across the business. They need to know what facilities represent an efficient and costeffective use of public money. Specifically, they need to know the efficacy of hot-water treatment at lower temperatures or for shorter durations; what other methods exist, and what efficacy they have against a range of threats (animals, plants, diseases). This evidence base will allow them to apply a level of biosecurity that is appropriate for the risk as well asenhancing the information they provide to their customer.AIMS1. Develop effective and pragmatic biosecurity practices to reduce the spread of invasive animals, plants, parasites and pathogens.2. Improve cost effectiveness and ease of use by developing a tiered approach applicable to the risks of invaders and resources available at different sites/organisations 3. Assess the efficacy of biosecurity training within the EA by evaluating staff awareness and changes in behaviour.4. Develop evidence-based interventions to encourage uptake and spread of biosecurity practice.METHODS The student will develop an interdisciplinary approach. Lab and field trials will be used to develop and test biosecurity protocols for high risk invasive plants, animals and parasites identified by the EA. Data analysis will be in R. Evaluation of training will use existing EA baseline datasets as well as quantitative (survey questionnaires) and qualitative (semi-structured interviews) social research methods. Qualitative analysis will be conducted using NVivo. By working with the partner from design through to output, the project will lead to improved biosecurity across the EA and its customers and will inform INNS policy in the UK.

入侵非本地物种 (INNS) 威胁着生态系统服务，导致经济成本不断增加（英国每年约 17 亿英镑）。淡水生态系统特别容易受到 INNS 通过贸易、运输和娱乐传播的影响。例如。斑马贻贝堵塞水管，鲑鱼虱子破坏鱼类种群，漂浮的紫草扰乱航行并可能导致洪水。一旦 INNS 成立，对其进行管理通常是不切实际且昂贵的。我们最有效的应对措施是强有力的生物安全措施，以防止它们的引入和传播，2015 年欧盟关于外来入侵物种的新立法强调对引入途径的管理。2010 年，DEFRA 发起了“检查清洁干燥”活动，鼓励人们检查、清洁和干燥设备，以杀死潜在的“搭便车”的 INNS 并最大程度地减少其传播。然而，对该处理效果的测试表明，EA“最不想要”名单上的大多数物种实际上在几天的干燥后仍然存活下来。我们发现，将设备浸泡在手热水（450°C）中会导致死亡率增加（>95%，Anderson 等人，2015 年）。这种处理方法已纳入 EA 和 GB 非本地物种秘书处的生物安全指南，但还需要进一步开发。知识差距。 EA 发现，他们缺乏可以向员工和公众提供的务实建议，再加上对这些方法的功效了解甚少，正在削弱他们管理这一风险的能力。环境署采用和推广的生物安全建议必​​须能够有效应对尽可能广泛的风险，即入侵性非本地植物和动物，以及影响植物和动物的疾病和寄生虫。 EA 即将启动一项整个企业的设施升级计划。他们需要知道哪些设施代表了公共资金的高效且具有成本效益的使用。具体来说，他们需要了解较低温度或较短持续时间的热水处理的功效；还存在哪些其他方法，以及它们对一系列威胁（动物、植物、疾病）有何功效。该证据基础将使他们能够应用适合风险的生物安全水平，并增强他们向客户提供的信息。AIMS1。制定有效、务实的生物安全措施，减少入侵动物、植物、寄生虫和病原体的传播。2．通过开发适用于不同地点/组织的入侵者风险和可用资源的分层方法，提高成本效益和易用性 3. 通过评估员工意识和行为变化来评估 EA 内生物安全培训的效果。 4.制定基于证据的干预措施，以鼓励生物安全实践的采用和传播。方法学生将制定跨学科方法。实验室和现场试验将用于开发和测试针对 EA 确定的高风险入侵植物、动物和寄生虫的生物安全方案。数据分析将在 R 中进行。培训评估将使用现有的 EA 基线数据集以及定量（调查问卷）和定性（半结构化访谈）社会研究方法。将使用 NVivo 进行定性分析。通过与合作伙伴从设计到输出的整个过程的合作，该项目将改善整个 EA 及其客户的生物安全性，并将为英国的 INNS 政策提供信息。

项目成果

Tomorrow Never Dies: biodegradation and subsequent viability of invasive macrophytes following exposure to aquatic disinfectants

• DOI: 10.3391/mbi.2020.11.1.03
• 发表时间: 2020-01
• 期刊: Management of Biological Invasions
• 影响因子: 1.5
• 作者: Kate Crane;Ross N. Cuthbert;Eoghan M. Cunningham;Stephanie J. Bradbeer;Lawrence E. Eagling;L. Kregting;J. Dick;A. Dunning;E. Smith;C. Shannon;J. Caffrey;F. Lucy;Eithne Davis;N. Coughlan

Better off dead: assessment of aquatic disinfectants and thermal shock treatments to prevent the spread of invasive freshwater bivalves

• DOI: 10.1007/s11273-020-09713-4
• 发表时间: 2020-02-24
• 期刊: WETLANDS ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Coughlan, Neil E.;Bradbeer, Stephanie J.;Dick, Jaimie T. A.
• 通讯作者: Dick, Jaimie T. A.