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Continuous-flow Synthesis of Functional Polymeric Materials

功能高分子材料的连续流合成

基本信息

批准号：
1787231
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of Leeds
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1787231
关键词：
Continuous flow Synthesis Functional Polymeric

项目摘要

In recent years, the field of continuous flow chemistry has become a powerful technique for multi-step synthesis of a wide range of organic compounds. It can provide a faster, cleaner and cheaper means of organic synthesis, while complex, multi-step syntheses can be conducted in series with relatively high yields through the rapid progression of intermediates. At present, most industrial scale polymer synthesis is carried out using batch techniques, which have some inherent disadvantages, such as the requirement to deal with large volumes of potentially hazardous chemicals, poor heat transfer and large volumes of waste material when batches fail. The aim of this project is to design continuous-flow systems, which are optimised for the synthesis of a range of polymeric materials. A range of well established, controlled polymerisation techniques such as reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerisation and atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP) will be used will be used to synthesise various controlled structure polymers and responsive polymer nanoparticles. The unique properties of flow systems will be exploited in order to achieve finer control over the architecture of the polymer chains. For example, reducing the molecular weight distributions using precise temperature control; fine tuning the molecular weights of polymer chains by simply altering flow rates; and the synthesis of multi-block copolymers by sequential monomer addition will be investigated. Furthermore, subsequent block copolymer self-assembly and encapsulation will be attempted in series.The resulting polymers and particles will be fully characterised using a range of analytical techniques including NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy. There may also be opportunities for developing on-line analysis during the synthesis in order to understand and further optimise such continuous-flow processes (e.g. On-line GPC). Such accurate control will allow for reliable and reproducible preparation of polymeric systems with tuneable properties and potential applications in the healthcare, personal care, automotive and agrochemical industries. Furthermore, better heat transfer and reduced waste products allow a reduction in energy consumption, emissions and running costs.

近年来，连续流动化学领域已经成为一种强有力的多步合成有机化合物的技术。它可以提供一种更快、更清洁和更便宜的有机合成方法，而复杂的多步骤合成可以通过中间体的快速进展以相对较高的产率串联进行。目前，大多数工业规模的聚合物合成都是采用间歇工艺进行的，这些技术存在着一些固有的缺点，如需要处理大量潜在的危险化学品，传热性差，当间歇合成失败时会产生大量废物。该项目的目标是设计连续流动系统，该系统针对一系列聚合物材料的合成进行优化。一系列成熟的可控聚合技术，如可逆加成断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合和原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)将被用于合成各种可控结构聚合物和响应性聚合物纳米颗粒。将利用流动系统的独特特性来实现对聚合物链结构的更精细控制。例如，通过精确的温度控制来降低分子量分布；通过简单地改变流速来微调聚合物链的分子量；以及通过顺序单体添加来合成多嵌段共聚物。此外，后续的嵌段共聚物自组装和封装将进行一系列尝试，所得到的聚合物和粒子将使用一系列分析技术进行充分表征，包括核磁共振光谱、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、动态光散射和电子显微镜。还可能有机会在合成过程中开发在线分析，以便了解和进一步优化这种连续流动过程(例如，在线GPC)。这种精确的控制将允许可靠和可重复地制备具有可调性能的聚合物系统，并在医疗保健、个人护理、汽车和农用化工行业中潜在应用。此外，更好的热传递和更少的废品可以减少能源消耗、排放和运行成本。