Solar and space weather impacts on atmospheric chemistry and connections to surface weather and climate

“太空天气”描述了近地空间不断变化的环境条件。恶劣的太空天气会影响科技和人类健康。最近的一份报告表明，在英国寒冷的极端空间天气事件的影响包括当地电力中断几个小时，大约10%的航天器停机，大大增加了飞机航空电子设备和部分或全部全球导航卫星系统停机1-3天的风险。英国气象局现在提供可操作的空间天气警报和预报。支持英国气象局空间气象服务的研究项目的一个战略目标是开发一个太阳-地球耦合建模系统，以提高预报能力，该系统基于统一模型的扩展版本，从地球表面延伸到热层和电离层。通过在扩展的UM中开发和实施中间层/热层化学方案，该博士项目将大大提高模型的准确性，从而更接近于可用于业务空间天气预报的点。

'Space weather' describes changing environmental conditions in near-Earth space. Severe space weather can impact technology and human health. A recent report indicated that impacts of an extreme space weather event in the UK cold include local electricity interruptions for a few hours, outage of around 10% of spacecraft, considerably increased the risk to aircraft avionics and partial or total global navigation satellite system outage for 1-3 days. The Met Office now provides operational space weather alerts and forecasts. A strategic goal of the research programme the supports the Met Office space weather service is the development of a coupled Sun-to-Earth modelling system for improved forecast capability, based around the development of an extended version of the Unified Model, extending from the Earth's surface to the thermosphere and ionosphere. By developing and implementing a mesosphere/thermosphere chemistry scheme in the extended UM, this PhD project will considerably increase the accuracy of the model, thus moving closer to the point where it can be used for operational space weather forecasting.