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Investigating the role of the teneurin Ten-M in planar polarisation of Myosin II during Drosophila axis extension

研究果蝇轴延伸过程中 Ten-M Ten-M 在肌球蛋白 II 平面极化中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
1804822
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of Cambridge
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1804822
关键词：
Investigating role teneurin Ten planar

项目摘要

Theme: World-Class Underpinning BioscienceDuring the initial stages of development in metazoa, a single population of cells is split into a series of separate sub-populations. The fate of each sub-population is determined by a variety of patterning and differentiation signals, which alter the gene regulatory networks within cells. Therefore, each group of cells develops a distinct identity and function, enabling a diverse range of tissue types to arise from a single original mass of cells. (Francois Fagotto 2015). Tissue boundaries present within the developing organism prevent distinct groups of cells from mixing, and ensure cells maintain a specific spatial position in the embryo so they receive the correct regulatory signals throughout development.Within metazoan organisms, a variety of different boundary types are present. Inter-tissue boundaries physically separate different types of tissue. Alternately, intra-tissue boundaries also exist, which separate distinct groups of cells within a single tissue. In comparison, compartmental boundaries prevent cells of distinct lineage from mixing within the tissue.One of the underlying questions regarding compartmental boundaries was how the boundary physically restricts the mixing of cells. A role for actomyosin enrichment at the boundary emerged from studies at the D-V boundary of the Drosophila wing disc, where F- actin and myosin II were shown to be enriched at the level of the adherens junction (Major and Irvine 2005; Major and Irvine 2006). Further, at the wing disc A-P boundary, laser ablation showed the mechanical tension at this interface is 2.5-fold higher than at other interfaces within the wing (Landsberg et al. 2009). However, the physical mechanism preventing the mixing of cells across a boundary was first shown at Drosophila germ-band parasegmental boundaries (PSBs), where the removal of myosin II using chromophore- assisted laser inactivation (CALI), caused proliferating cells to disrupt the sharp boundary. It was also shown that an actomyosin cable runs alongside the boundary, connecting between juxtaposing cells through adherens junctions, which establishes tension and restricts cell mixing (Monier et al. 2010). In vertebrates, a similar role for an actomyosin cable has been shown at compartmental boundaries separating Zebrafish rhombomeres (Calzolari, Terriente, and Pujades 2014). In terms of regulation of actomyosin enrichment, Wingless signalling is required for maintenance of PSBs whilst Notch signalling maintains the D-V wing disc boundary (Monier et al. 2010; Major and Irvine 2005; Dahmann, Oates, and Brand 2011).Aims of the Project:1. Identify the combination of cell surface receptors responsible for the formation of parasegmental boundaries and the correct sorting of cells during axis extension in Drosophila.2. Investigate whether differences in cell identity, as defined by cell surface receptor expression levels, facilitates actomyosin enrichment in the germ-band.3. Explore the molecular mechanism of actomyosin recruitment to PSBs.

布景主题：世界级的基础生物科学在后生动物发育的最初阶段，单个细胞群被分成一系列独立的亚群。每个亚群的命运是由各种模式化和分化信号决定的，这些信号改变了细胞内的基因调控网络。因此，每一组细胞发展出不同的身份和功能，使不同的组织类型能够从单一的原始细胞群中产生。（Francois Fagotto 2015）。组织边界存在于发育中的生物体中，防止不同的细胞群混合，并确保细胞在胚胎中保持特定的空间位置，从而在整个发育过程中接收正确的调节信号。在后生动物生物体中，存在各种不同的边界类型。组织间边界在物理上分隔不同类型的组织。或者，也存在组织内边界，其将单个组织内的不同细胞组分开。相比之下，隔室边界阻止不同谱系的细胞在组织内混合。关于隔室边界的一个潜在问题是边界如何物理地限制细胞的混合。在果蝇翼盘的D-V边界的研究中，F-肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白II在粘附连接处富集（Major和Irvine 2005; Major和Irvine 2006）。此外，在翼盘A-P边界处，激光烧蚀表明，该界面处的机械张力比机翼内其他界面处的机械张力高2.5倍（兰茨贝格等人，2009）。然而，阻止细胞跨越边界混合的物理机制首先在果蝇生殖带旁节边界（PSB）中显示，其中使用发色团辅助激光灭活（卡利）去除肌球蛋白II，导致增殖细胞破坏尖锐边界。研究还表明，肌动球蛋白索沿着边界延伸，通过粘附连接连接并置细胞，从而建立张力并限制细胞混合（Monier et al. 2010）。在脊椎动物中，在分离斑马鱼菱形节的隔室边界处显示了肌动球蛋白电缆的类似作用（Calzolari，Terriente和Pujades 2014）。在肌动球蛋白富集的调节方面，无翼信号传导是维持PSB所必需的，而Notch信号传导维持D-V翼盘边界（Monier等人2010; Major和Irvine 2005; Dahmann，Oates和Brand 2011）。确定细胞表面受体的组合负责形成的parasegmental边界和正确的细胞分类在果蝇的轴延伸过程中。研究细胞表面受体表达水平的差异是否有利于胚带中肌动球蛋白的富集。探讨肌动球蛋白募集到光合细菌的分子机制。