Reciprocity and Self Health Care in Aging

老龄化过程中的互惠和自我保健

• 批准号: 6401123
• 负责人: BETTY J CRAFT
• 金额: $ 7.38万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-08-15 至 2002-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6401123
• 关键词: aging; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; communication behavior; evaluation /testing; functional ability; health behavior; health care cost /financing; health care model; human old age (65+); human subject; interpersonal relations; interview; isolation /deprivation; problem solving; role; satisfaction; self care; social cooperation; social group process; social support network

The purpose of this pilot study is to test a Reciprocity and Health Process Model derived from social exchange theory and developed by the investigators with a sample of 110 adults aged 65 and over. The concept of reciprocity is significant theoretically and clinically. In social exchange theory resources are seen as essential to functioning in a social context. Elders who have limited physical ability may also experience limitations in role functioning as they find resources for reciprocity diminishing, and thus, may have difficulties associated with resource depletion or having resources or having resources that are less valued socially. Faced with diminished physical and role functioning, and depleted or changing exchange resources, the older individual may neglect health care practices rather than ask for help ( social support ) risking still more health problems and functional impairments. Health care professionals may be unaware of the older individual's need to reciprocate and fail to intervene and support the building of opportunities for reciprocation. Members of informal social support networks, even when well intentioned, may be insensitive to the older individual's need to reciprocate and the importance of allowing older individuals to show an interest in others, or share the knowledge and wisdom gained from life experiences-those acts of reciprocity that do not deplete the elder's monetary resources or require physical stamina no longer possessed. Maintaining the health of our increasing older population is important because of economics as well as quality of life. Data for the study will come from interviews with adults aged 65 or older who have limitation activities daily living or instrumental activities of daily living. Findings from the study can be expected to answer important theoretical questions. 1) about self health care as individuals' age and ability for independent self-care diminished and 2) the influence of reciprocity on request and/or assistance necessary to support continued health behaviors requisite to optimal maintenance of health and limiting deleterious effects of chronic illnesses. Results will provide information related to health risks based on reticence to ask for assistance that may be needs, as well as needs related to reciprocity as individuals age. Application of this understanding will provide the basis for designing interventions.

本研究的目的是以110名65岁及以上的成年人为样本，对研究人员根据社会交换理论开发的互惠和健康过程模型进行测试。 互惠的概念具有重要的理论和临床意义。 在社会交换理论中，资源被视为在社会背景下发挥作用的必要条件。 身体能力有限的老年人也可能会遇到角色功能的限制，因为他们发现互惠的资源减少，因此，可能会遇到与资源枯竭或拥有资源或拥有社会价值较低的资源相关的困难。 面对身体和角色功能的减少，以及交换资源的耗尽或变化，老年人可能会忽视医疗保健实践，而不是寻求帮助（社会支持），从而冒着更多健康问题和功能障碍的风险。 卫生保健专业人员可能没有意识到老年人需要回报，未能干预和支持建立回报的机会。 非正式的社会支持网络的成员，即使是善意的，可能是不敏感的老年人的需要，以回报和重要性，让老年人表现出对他人的兴趣，或分享知识和智慧从生活中获得的经验，这些互惠行为，不耗尽老年人的金钱资源或需要体力不再拥有。由于经济和生活质量的原因，保持我们不断增加的老年人口的健康是很重要的。该研究的数据将来自对65岁或65岁以上的成年人的采访，这些人的日常生活活动或日常生活的工具性活动受到限制。 研究结果有望回答重要的理论问题。1)随着个体的年龄和独立自我保健能力的减弱，对自我保健的影响; 2）互惠对支持持续健康行为所必需的请求和/或援助的影响，这些健康行为是最佳维持健康和限制慢性疾病的有害影响所必需的。 结果将提供有关健康风险的信息，根据沉默，要求援助，可能是需要，以及需要相关的互惠个人年龄。应用这种理解将为设计干预措施提供基础。