BEHAVIORAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF OLFACTION

嗅觉的行为和生理机制

• 批准号: 6394727
• 负责人: BRIAN H. SMITH
• 金额: $ 28.36万
• 依托单位: OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-04-01 至 2003-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6394727
• 关键词: Hymenoptera; behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral extinction; biological models; computational neuroscience; conditioning; ethology; learning; memory; neural information processing; neuropharmacology; neuropil; nitric oxide; olfactions; olfactory lobe; olfactory stimulus; picrotoxin; response generalization; sensory discrimination; stimulus /response

The objective of this proposal is to evaluate how animals learn about odors and odor mixtures. All animals, including humans, must learn to attend to the most relevant aspects of sensory stimuli. In regard to odors, the relevant aspect is sometimes complex configurations (mixtures) of many individual odorant molecular types. Yet at other time individual elements or submixtures provide the most relevant biological information, and these elements must be detected against complex and variable background odors. The honey bee is an excellent model animal to use to evaluate how animals in general solve these problems. Honey bee workers readily learn to associate an odor with brief reinforcement. Furthermore, they can team solve both elemental and configural learning problems in a behavioral paradigm that permits rigorous control of stimulation and physiological manipulation. This work will have general applicability to biomedical research because of the anatomical and physiological similarity of the insect peripheral olfactory processing neuropils to those of humans. These similarities may have arisen via convergent evolution, which implies an important functional analogy between invertebrate and mammalian olfactory processing. Thus use of an animal such as the honey bee stands to highlight important functional hypotheses that can be generally tested in mammals. The work outlined in the proposal will evaluate theoretical predictions that stem from models of elemental learning in stimulus mixtures. In addition, pharmacological manipulation of the Antennal Lobe, which is the functional analog to the mammalian Olfactory Bulb, will be used to test predictions about how odors are represented in that neuropil.

这项提案的目的是评估动物是如何了解 气味和气味混合物。所有动物，包括人类，都必须学会 注意感官刺激最相关的方面。关于…… 气味，相关的方面有时是复杂的配置 (混合物)多种不同的气味分子类型。但在其他地方 时间单个元素或次混合物提供了最相关的 生物信息，而这些元素必须被检测到 复杂多变的背景气味。蜜蜂是一种极好的 用于评估动物一般如何解决这些问题的模型动物 有问题。蜜蜂工作者很容易学会将气味与 短暂的增援。此外，他们可以团队解决这两个基本问题 以及在行为范式中的结构性学习问题 严格控制刺激和生理操作。这 这项工作将普遍适用于生物医学研究，因为 昆虫外周的解剖和生理相似性 与人类的嗅觉处理神经毛发。这些相似之处 可能是通过收敛进化而产生的，这意味着一个重要的 无脊椎动物和哺乳动物嗅觉的功能类比 正在处理。因此，像蜜蜂这样的动物的使用 突出可普遍检验的重要功能假设 在哺乳动物身上。提案中概述的工作将评估理论上的 源自刺激中的基本学习模型的预测 混合物。此外，触角的药理操作 脑叶是哺乳动物嗅球的功能类似物， 将被用来测试关于气味如何在其中表示的预测 神经痛。