NEUROBIOLOGY OF SIMPLE OCULOMOTOR SYSTEM

描述(摘自摘要)：视觉感知和由此产生的动作 源自组织为平行的神经元之间的相互作用 解析出特定计算任务的路径。在哺乳动物身上， 对这些神经底物的实验访问受到以下因素的限制 规模、受试者可获得性和经济性。一种替代系统， 优雅地展示了已识别的神经元如何相互作用来处理 视觉世界的基本功能，如运动，由 双翅目昆虫的视觉系统。这种模型，就像它的哺乳动物模型一样， 拥有一个由无色大细胞神经元组成的系统 控制视动行为的中心的运动信息。 还有第二个平行的小细胞神经元系统，供应 大脑中一个类似皮质的区域，编码关于图案的信息， 方向和颜色。的深入分析和预测建模 组成这两个子系统的功能识别的神经元现在 提供对突触排列和神经的基本见解 控制头部运动的机制和分析 形式和颜色。拟议的研究将调查：神经机制 以及消色差神经元之间的电路特性：(A)计算第一个 运动检测阶段，(B)将运动信息与对象相结合 探测以提供目标定向的头部移动、扫视和距离 感知，以及(C)通过将头部跳动与 监测头部运动的本体感受性再传入。神经机制 以及小细胞神经元之间的电路特性，这些神经元分别与 共同区分方向、纹理和颜色。这项研究 强调细胞内记录，对染色神经元的共聚焦研究， 突触学，以及神经递质的识别和定位。 (A)测试突触电路的功能特性的模型 记录和识别神经元，(B)指导新的实验，和(C)服务 作为该模型视觉系统逆向工程的基础。一个完整的 对双翅目昆虫系统的功能和计算的理解将 提供对视觉处理的基本原理和意志的重要见解 为构建微型假肢提供必要的信息 视觉系统和自动机。

DESCRIPTION (taken from abstract): Visual perception and resulting actions derive from interactions amongst neurons that are organized as parallel pathways that parse out specific computational tasks. In mammals, experimental access to these neural substrates is limited by factors such as size, subject availability, and economics. An alternative system that elegantly demonstrates how identified neurons interact to process fundamental features of the visual world, such as motion, is provided by the dipteran visual system. This model, like its mammalian counterpart, possesses a system of achromatic magnocellular neurons that carry information about motion to a center controlling optokinetic behavior. There is also a second, parallel system of parvocellular neurons that supply a cortex-like area in the brain encoding information about pattern, orientation, and color. In-depth analysis and predictive modeling of functionally identified neurons that comprise these two subsystems are now providing fundamental insights into the synaptic arrangements and neural mechanisms that underlie the control of head movements and the analysis of form and color. The proposed research will investigate: Neural mechanisms and circuit properties amongst achromatic neurons that (a) compute the first stages of motion detection, (b) integrate motion information with object detection to provide target-directed head movements, saccades, and distance perception, and (c) control saccadic head movements by integrating them with proprioceptive reafference that monitors head movements. Neural mechanisms and circuit properties amongst parvocellular neurons that separately and collectively discriminate orientations, textures, and color. The research emphasizes intracellular recordings, confocal studies of dye-filled neurons, synaptology, and identification and localization of neurotransmitters. Models to (a) test the functional properties of synaptic circuits amongst recorded and identified neurons, (b) direct novel experiments, and (c) serve as a basis for reverse engineering of this model visual system. A complete functional and computational understanding of the dipteran system will provide crucial insights into basic principles of visual processing and will provide essential information for constructing miniaturized prosthetic visual systems and automata.