Predicting Positive Outcomes Among Peer-Rejected Girls

描述：童年时期的同伴拒绝与大量的 负面结果，包括当前和未来：攻击性行为，抑郁， 青少年犯罪、滥用药物和辍学。虽然有些同行拒绝 儿童避免这些负面结果，对此知之甚少 亚群拟议的研究旨在弥补这一知识差距。 具体来说，一些被同伴排斥的孩子与成年人相处得沿着。 其他被同伴拒绝的孩子在没有目标的情况下， 和同龄人一起我假设这两组孩子会表现出 积极的结果，因为他们可以与成年人交谈或自己玩耍， 替代与同龄人社交;积极的情绪将调解 与成年人的关系！独自玩耍， 在被同伴拒绝的孩子身上取得积极的成果。一个孩子的样本， 注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）以及没有ADHD将是 调查，因为ADHD与同伴拒绝高度相关， 样本将允许ADHD和非ADHD儿童之间的过程进行比较。 受试者将是149名年龄在6-12岁之间的女孩，其中60%的人 ADHD，在一个自然夏令营评估。客观观察 孤独的游戏和侵略，可靠的个人访谈的抑郁和 焦虑情绪，以及同伴和成人对社会地位的评价将被使用 有效区分亚群和评估心理问题。科目 将在营地结束后四年进行随访，并给予年龄适当的 精神病理学指标，包括身体形象不满意度指标 以前没有检查过同伴拒绝或ADHD儿童的结果。 将使用分层多元回归分析对假设进行检验。的 总体目标是揭示精神病理学的中介者和调节者， 被同伴排斥的儿童，以促进干预措施， 这组人有可能出现不良后果。

DESCRIPTION: Peer rejection in childhood is associated with a large number of negative outcomes, both concurrent and future: aggressive behavior, depression, delinquency, substance abuse and school drop-out. Although some peer-rejected children avoid these negative outcomes, little is known regarding this subgroup. The proposed research seeks to redress this gap in knowledge. Specifically, some peer-rejected children get along very well with adults. Other peer-rejected children engage in goal-directed solitary play when not with peers. I hypothesize that these two subgroups of children will show positive outcomes because they can talk to adults or play by themselves as an alternative to socializing with peers; positive emotion will mediate the relationship between popularity with adults! engagement in solitary play and positive outcomes in peer-rejected children. A sample of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as well as without ADHD will be investigated, because ADHD is highly associated with peer rejection and such a sample will allow comparison of processes between ADHD and non-ADHD children. Subjects will be 149 girls between the ages of 6-12, 60 percent of whom have ADHD, assessed in a naturalistic summer camp. Objective observations of solitary play and aggression, reliable individual interviews of depressed and anxious mood, and both peer and adult appraisal of social status will be used to validly differentiate subgroups and assess psychological problems. Subjects will be followed-up four years after the camps and given age-appropriate measures of psychopathology, including measures of body image dissatisfaction not previously examined as an outcome for peer-rejected or ADHD children. Hypotheses will be tested using hierarchical multiple regression analyses. The overall goal is to uncover mediators and moderators of psychopathology among peer-rejected children, towards the end of contributing to interventions for this group at risk for negative outcomes.