Biomass Derived Transport Fuels via Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

通过费托合成产生生物质的运输燃料

• 批准号: 1855597
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Imperial College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1855597
• 关键词: Biomass; Derived; Transport; Fuels; via

As part of the EU's Renewable Energy Directive, the UK has set specific measures to reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) intensity of the transport sector by 6%. Furthermore, as a UN member state, the UK is legally bound to meet, or surpass, a target of 10% usage of transport fuels from renewable sources in the transport sector by 2020.However, there are currently two significant barriers to meeting these targets: i) the UK's transport sector only gets around 4.4% of fuels from renewable sources and ii) there is a 7% cap on the use of first generation biofuels, from crops grown on agricultural land, to preserve the sustainability of arable land and to ensure the impact on staple food prices is minimised. This means that non-food derived biofuels must be developed to surpass the 10% target, such as lignocellulosic biomass or otherunwanted, organic waste.Liquid biofuels, predominately diesel and gasoline, have significant advantages over other renewable transport fuels owing to their high energy density and ability to be used in existing engines and distribution systems. Currently commercial diesel in the US and EU can contain up to 5 and 7 vol.% biodiesel respectively. This is because the composition of biofuels directly derived from plants depend heavily on the source oil, resulting in a wide variation in the properties of the fuel, such as octaneor cetane number of biodiesel and biogasoline, respectively.Several technologies have been proposed to achieve a more consistent fuel e.g. enzymatic biological processes, fast pyrolysis, hydrothermal upgrading and gasification to form syngas followed by the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reaction. This project focuses on the production of liquid transport fuels (viz. petrol and diesel) from biomass derived syngas via the FT reaction, known as biomass to liquids (BTL). Since road transport accounts for 75-85% of the worldwide transportation emissions, primarily using liquidfuels, this is an area of significant interest.The overall objective of this PhD research project is to utilise a small scale, integrated experimental workflow to study the production of transport fuels via syngas derived from woody biomass. The process will be studied from gasification of biomass through to the quality of the fuels produced. In particular, the effect of contaminants in the syngas on catalyst activity, selectivity and lifespan will be explored with the aim of developing a multifunctional catalyst suitable for use within industry.

作为欧盟可再生能源指令的一部分，英国制定了具体措施，将运输部门的温室气体（GHG）强度降低6%。此外，作为联合国成员国，英国在法律上有义务达到或超过到2020年在运输部门使用10%可再生能源运输燃料的目标。i）英国的运输部门仅从可再生能源中获得约4.4%的燃料，ii）第一代生物燃料的使用上限为7%，这些生物燃料来自农业用地上种植的作物，保持可耕地的可持续性，并确保将对主粮价格的影响降到最低。这意味着必须开发非粮食生物燃料以超过10%的目标，例如木质纤维素生物质或其他不需要的有机废物。液体生物燃料，主要是柴油和汽油，由于其高能量密度和能够用于现有发动机和分配系统，与其他可再生运输燃料相比具有显着优势。目前，美国和欧盟的商业柴油中可含有高达5和7体积%的生物柴油。这是因为直接来源于植物的生物燃料的组成严重依赖于源油，导致燃料的性质（例如生物柴油和石脑油的辛烷值或十六烷值）的广泛变化。已经提出了几种技术来实现更一致的燃料，例如酶生物过程，快速热解，水热改质和气化以形成合成气，然后进行费-托（FT）反应。该项目的重点是通过FT反应从生物质衍生的合成气生产液体运输燃料（即汽油和柴油），称为生物质液化（BTL）。由于道路运输占全球运输排放量的75-85%，主要使用液体燃料，因此这是一个值得关注的领域。该博士研究项目的总体目标是利用小规模、综合实验工作流程来研究通过木质生物质衍生的合成气生产运输燃料。该过程将从生物质的气化到所生产燃料的质量进行研究。特别地，将探索合成气中的污染物对催化剂活性、选择性和寿命的影响，目的是开发适合在工业中使用的多功能催化剂。