Improving the stability, aesthetics and performance of perovskite materials for photovoltaics

提高光伏钙钛矿材料的稳定性、美观性和性能

• 批准号: 1879632
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Swansea University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1879632
• 关键词: Improving; stability; aesthetics; performance; perovskite

The generation of energy is the most important scientific and technological challenge that faces humankind in the 21st century. In order to supply the demand of increasing global energy requirements, the development of low cost, easily processable, efficient photovoltaics (PV) is essential. Third generation PV offers a potentially low cost, easily processable and efficient technology and before us lays a great opportunity in solar energy research. International progress in PV research and technology is currently running at an unparalleled rate, with major contributions from the SPECIFIC and Ser Solar groups. The extremely rapid evolution of solution processed halide perovskite-based solar cells during the last few years (reaching efficiencies in the range of 15-20%, including certified 20.1%) makes them an extremely strong candidate to develop a cost and performance competitive PV technology. Photovoltaic devices which utilise light harvesting perovskite chemistries could potentially offer a cheaper and simpler technology in comparison to the typically favoured silicon solar cell. However, current issues when using perovskites for PV application include physicochemical degradation, instability and lifetime issues up on exposure to ambient conditions. The fundamental workings and reasoning for the aforementioned problems when using perovskite absorbers are yet to be fully understood. The project is concerned with gaining a better understanding of halide perovskite chemistry through identification and investigation of the manufacturing conditions or parameters which may lead to device instabilities. Fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy are two techniques which will be applied to investigate the photoluminescent properties and morphologies of a range of perovskite materials prepared under different conditions. The project research will explore routes to increasing the efficiency and light harvesting ability of these devices. There is also scope to use X-ray diffraction to investigate the crystalline structure of the perovskite layer and to determine whether the uniformity of this layer (amongst other layers) is affected by the alteration of certain parameters during device manufacture. The degradation of perovskite is believed to be exacerbated due to reaction with oxygen which will be investigated using transient absorption spectroscopy as a method to monitor oxygen diffusion within halide-perovskite solar cells. The overall aim is to develop an understanding of device photophysics and photochemistry resulting in the development of new materials to improve stability and cost and leading to world leading, high impact articles in the premier international journals in the field.

能源生产是21世纪人类面临的最重要的科技挑战。为了满足日益增长的全球能源需求，开发低成本、易于加工、高效的光伏（PV）是必不可少的。第三代光伏技术具有低成本、易加工、高效的潜力，为太阳能研究提供了巨大的机遇。目前，国际上在光伏研究和技术方面的进展正在以前所未有的速度进行，其中主要贡献来自SPECIFIC和Ser Solar集团。在过去的几年中，溶液处理卤化物钙钛矿基太阳能电池的发展速度非常快（达到15-20%的效率范围，包括认证的20.1%），使其成为开发成本和性能具有竞争力的光伏技术的非常有力的候选者。与通常受欢迎的硅太阳能电池相比，利用光收集钙钛矿化学物质的光伏设备可能提供更便宜、更简单的技术。然而，目前在光伏应用中使用钙钛矿的问题包括物理化学降解、不稳定性和暴露于环境条件下的寿命问题。在使用钙钛矿吸收剂时，上述问题的基本工作原理和原因尚未完全了解。该项目旨在通过识别和调查可能导致设备不稳定的制造条件或参数，更好地了解卤化物钙钛矿化学。荧光显微镜和荧光光谱学是两种技术，将用于研究在不同条件下制备的一系列钙钛矿材料的光致发光性能和形态。该项目研究将探索提高这些设备的效率和光收集能力的途径。还可以使用x射线衍射来研究钙钛矿层的晶体结构，并确定该层（以及其他层）的均匀性是否受到设备制造过程中某些参数改变的影响。钙钛矿的降解被认为是由于与氧的反应而加剧的，这将使用瞬态吸收光谱作为监测氧在卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池内扩散的方法进行研究。总体目标是发展对器件光物理和光化学的理解，从而开发新材料，以提高稳定性和成本，并在该领域的主要国际期刊上发表世界领先的高影响力文章。