(PARA)LINGUISTIC FACTORS AFFECTING CHILDHOOD STUTTERING

（副）影响儿童口吃的语言因素

• 批准号: 6516193
• 负责人: J. Scott Yaruss
• 金额: $ 26.72万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-05-01 至 2005-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6516193
• 关键词: child (0-11); clinical research; human subject; paralinguistic behavior; sound frequency; speech; speech disorders; stuttering

This research will evaluate several widely held but largely untested assumptions underlying current theory and clinical practice in childhood stuttering. These assumptions are based on the notion that children's production of various types of speech disruptions (speech errors, normal disfluencies, and stuttered disfluencies) are influenced by certain characteristics of their speech, such as the length and complexity of their utterances (linguistic characteristics), and their speaking rate and response latency (paralinguistic characteristics). The research design includes five studies that will systematically evaluate the relationship between children's speech characteristics and their production of speech errors, normal disfluencies, and stuttered disfluencies by measuring change in children's fluency while experimentally manipulating: (a) children's utterance length and syntactic complexity (Study l), (b) children's speaking rate and response latency (Study 2), and (c) children's conversational partner's speech characteristics (Study 3). in addition to examining factors that affect children's fluency, this research will evaluate explanations for the underlying cause of speech disfluencies proposed in recent theories and attempt to objectively differentiate between disfluencies judged to be normal vs. stuttered, based on the acoustic characteristics of the moment of speech interruption (Study 4). Finally, to more fully examine the role speech motor abilities play in children's production of speech disfluencies, children who stutter and children who do not stutter will be compared in terms of the rate, accuracy, and fluency of their oral motor movements in an expanded diadochokinetic task (Study 5). Results from these studies will help evaluate and refine prominent theories of stuttering by evaluating key assumptions about the factors affecting children's fluency and by examining the differences between normal and stuttered disfluencies. Results will also help improve the diagnosis and treatment of children who stutter by helping clinicians evaluate different types of speech disruptions most indicative of stuttering and by evaluating several assumptions at the heart of prevailing treatments for childhood stuttering.

这项研究将评估几个广泛持有但基本上未经检验的假设，这些假设是当前儿童口吃理论和临床实践的基础。这些假设基于以下概念：儿童产生的各种类型的言语中断（言语错误、正常不流利和口吃不流利）受到其言语的某些特征的影响，例如言语的长度和复杂性（语言特征）以及他们的语速和反应延迟（副语言特征）。研究设计包括五项研究，通过测量儿童流畅性的变化，同时进行实验操作，系统地评估儿童的言语特征与其产生言语错误、正常不流利和口吃不流利之间的关系：(a) 儿童的话语长度和句法复杂性（研究 1），(b) 儿童的语速和反应延迟（研究 2），以及 (c) 儿童对话伙伴的言语特征（研究 3）。除了考察影响儿童流利程度的因素外，本研究还将评估最近理论中提出的对言语不流畅的根本原因的解释，并尝试根据言语中断时刻的声学特征客观地区分被判断为正常的不流畅与口吃的不流畅（研究4）。最后，为了更全面地检验言语运动能力在儿童言语不流畅的产生中所起的作用，口吃儿童和不口吃的儿童将在扩展的双动运动任务中比较他们口腔运动运动的速率、准确性和流畅性（研究 5）。这些研究的结果将通过评估影响儿童流利程度的因素的关键假设以及检查正常和口吃不流利之间的差异，帮助评估和完善口吃的重要理论。研究结果还将帮助临床医生评估最能反映口吃的不同类型的言语中断，并评估儿童口吃流行治疗的几个核心假设，从而有助于改善口吃儿童的诊断和治疗。