BEHAVIORAL PHARMACOLOGY OF ABUSED SOLVENTS

吸入剂的滥用是美国的一个重大公共卫生问题。 和在世界各地. 不幸的是，这种形式的药物滥用是最少的 了解所有药物滥用问题。 该项目将 试图提供关于下列一般性问题的科学资料： 问题：l）由下列物质产生的急性中毒的性质是什么？ 滥用吸入剂 2)浓度和暴露持续时间如何相关 急性效应的性质和程度 3)是急性的侧写 与其他药物滥用产生的类似效果？ 4)做所有 吸入剂也会产生类似的效果 5)可以期待的 从溶剂的混合物？ 6)重复使用会产生依赖性吗？ 7)对吸入剂上述特性的评估是否有助于 了解和预测其滥用潜力？ （8）什么是 吸入剂对行为影响的神经基础 回答这些 问题，行为测试程序将用于小鼠。 前几 多年的这个项目，已经发现，许多滥用吸入剂产生 一种与酒精产生的行为效应非常相似的行为效应 并滥用违禁药物，这可能是他们滥用的原因。 因此，建议的一个主要部分是审查 吸入剂相对于乙醇和其他滥用药物，和/或 这类毒品的行为测试程序 新的行为 本项目期间将制定的测试程序如下 研究吸入剂自我给药的方法，位置偏好 条件反射，对运动活动的影响，多时间表性能， 惩罚回应。 甲苯、三氯乙烷（TCE）、甲氧氟烷， 将在这些新程序中评价亚硝酸氟乙酯和亚硝酸异戊酯。 在前一个项目期间， TCE已开发。 建议进一步研究该模型与TCE 和其他吸入剂。 还建议继续使用药物 歧视程序，吸入剂对时间表控制的影响 性能，与TCE的交叉依赖，以及功能性观察 电池（FOB），以进一步研究一系列烷基苯。 一系列 将对脂肪烃和相关的异链烷烃进行评价， 第一次使用FOB，运动活动，以及对时间表的影响- 控制行为。 异链烷烃溶剂正在考虑用于 此外，许多商业和工业产品，以取代三氯乙烯，所以它 因此，尽快研究这些问题尤为重要。 有关溶剂的行为影响和滥用倾向的信息可能 允许制造商重新配制产品以减少其滥用。

The abuse of inhalants is a significant public health problem in the U.S. and around the world. Unfortunately, this form of drug abuse is the least well understood of all substance abuse problems. This project will attempt to provide scientific information on the following general questions: l) What is the nature of the acute intoxication produced by abused inhalants? 2) How is concentration and exposure duration related to the nature and magnitude of acute effects? 3) Is the profile of acute effects similar to that produced by other drugs of abuse? 4) Do all inhalants produce a similar profile of effects? 5) What can be expected from mixtures of solvents? 6) Does dependence occur with repeated use? 7) Can an assessment of the above properties of inhalants contribute to an understanding, and prediction, of their abuse potential? and 8) What is the neural basis of inhalant effects on behavior? To answer these questions, behavioral test procedures will be used in mice. In previous years of this project it has been found that many abused inhalants produce a profile of behavioral effects very similar to that produced by alcohol and abused depressant drugs, possibly accounting for their abuse. Therefore a major portion of the proposal is to examine the effects of inhalants relative to those of ethanol and other drugs of abuse, and/or in behavioral test procedures specific for this drug class. New behavioral test procedures which will be developed during this project period are methods for studying inhalant self-administration, place preference conditioning, effects on motor activity, multiple-schedule performance, and punished responding. Toluene, trichloroethane (TCE), methoxyflurane, flurothyl and isoamyl nitrite will be evaluated in these new procedures. In the prior project period, a model for producing physical dependence on TCE was developed. It is proposed to further study this model with TCE and other inhalants. It is also proposed to continue to use drug discrimination procedures, inhalant effects on schedule-controlled performance, cross dependence with TCE, and a functional observational battery (FOB) to further study a series of alkylbenzenes. A series of aliphatic hydrocarbons and related isoparaffins will be evaluated for the first time using the FOB, motor activity, and effects on schedule- controlled behavior. The isoparaffin solvents are being considered for addition to many commercial and industrial products to replace TCE, so it will be especially important to study them as soon as possible. Information on the behavioral effects and abuse liability of solvents may allow manufacturers to reformulate products to reduce their abuse.