Trade and Protectionism in Interwar Germany

两次世界大战期间德国的贸易与保护主义

• 批准号: 1923554
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1923554
• 关键词: Trade; Protectionism; Interwar; Germany

For my dissertation, I would make use of German archival sources, mostly legislative texts to build a database of German trade policy at a commodity level throughout the period. I hope to be able to quantify these restrictions that are very varied in nature and construct a measure that I can include in the econometric part of the work. All necessary sources should be documented and held in German archives, especially in the Bundesarchiv (Federal Archive) in Berlin, where I can also get access to the files on tariff regulations from the Reich Ministry of Finance, which was in charge of tariffs. In many cases documents have also been digitised, for example the Reichsgesetzblatt or theprotocols of the Reichskanzlei and the Reichstag. To work through all this material, I would need to spend some time in Berlin early on in my studies.As a native German speaker, I will have no problem reading these sources. Once I have collected this material and brought it into a consistent format, I will be able to merge it with the trade data and, making use of my training in economics and a working knowledge of trade theory, analyse the impact of policy. While I am confident that this project is achievable within a three-year period, the focus of my research could easily be narrowed to either the Weimar (1919-33) or the Nazi years (1933-39), should the scope turn out to be too broad.I hope to answer several questions through the course of this project: Firstly, what role trade policy in Germany played in the dramatic collapse of international trade. Secondly, I want to examine to what extent explicit trade policy shifted the German trade relations towards the Reichsmark bloc found in the 1930s. More generally, I want to analyse how commodity-specific trade policy impacted the German economy and possibly had a different impact between sectors. Finally, it might be possible to look at policy as a consequence rather than the cause of the interwar period's economic upheavals and examine to what extent different sectors were disproportionally hit with protectionism in consequence of the hyperinflation, the Great Depression, or the Nazi rise topower, and how the political economy of Weimar and Nazi Germany shaped these decisions.The methods used in this endeavour will presumably be mostly quantitative and econometric in nature. Bromhead et al.14 build upon a nested CES utililty function and use structural gravity equations as their regression framework. They then determine trade elasticities for separate sectors and construct counterfactual commodity flows under assumed free trade. My first approachwould be to follow their example but to what extent this methodology would have to be adjusted to the specific German case depends on a closer look at the archival material.14. Bromhead et al., "Protection and the shift towards Empire in interwar Britain."

在我的论文中，我将利用德国的档案资料，主要是立法文本，建立一个数据库，德国的贸易政策，在商品水平在整个时期。我希望能够量化这些在性质上非常不同的限制，并构建一个我可以包括在工作的计量经济学部分的措施。所有必要的资料来源都应该记录在案，并保存在德国档案馆，特别是在柏林的联邦档案馆（联邦档案馆），在那里我还可以查阅负责关税的赖希财政部关于关税法规的文件。在许多情况下，文件也被数字化，例如《帝国公报》或《帝国议会和国会的议定书》。为了阅读所有这些材料，我需要在学习的早期在柏林呆一段时间。作为一个以德语为母语的人，我阅读这些资料没有问题。一旦我收集了这些材料并将其转化为一致的格式，我就能够将其与贸易数据合并，并利用我在经济学方面的培训和贸易理论的实用知识，分析政策的影响。虽然我相信这个项目可以在三年内完成，但如果范围太广，我的研究重点很容易缩小到魏玛（1919-33）或纳粹年代（1933-39），我希望通过这个项目回答几个问题：首先，德国的贸易政策在国际贸易的急剧崩溃中扮演了什么角色。第二，我想研究明确的贸易政策在多大程度上使德国的贸易关系转向了20世纪30年代建立的帝国马克集团。更一般地说，我想分析特定商品贸易政策如何影响德国经济，并可能对不同部门产生不同的影响。最后，也许可以把政策看作是两次世界大战之间经济动荡的结果，而不是原因，并研究在何种程度上不同部门受到了恶性通货膨胀、大萧条或纳粹掌权的后果所造成的保护主义的严重打击，以及魏玛和纳粹德国的政治经济学是如何塑造这些决定的。在这一努力中使用的方法大概主要是定量的，计量经济学Bromhead等人14建立在嵌套CES效用函数的基础上，并使用结构重力方程作为其回归框架。然后，他们确定贸易弹性为单独的部门，并构建反事实的商品流动假设下的自由贸易。我的第一个方法是以他们为榜样，但这种方法在多大程度上必须根据德国的具体情况进行调整，这取决于对档案材料的进一步研究。Bromhead等人，“两次世界大战之间英国的保护和向帝国的转变。"