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Development of Outgroup Contact in Social networks

社交网络中外群体联系的发展

基本信息

批准号：
1925428
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of Oxford
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1925428
关键词：
Development Outgroup Contact Social networks

项目摘要

In today's often multicultural societies, children and adolescents frequently grow up in multi-ethnic, multicultural societies. Since people with immigrant background represent the minority in a new country, first and second generation immigrants need to make contact with and befriend outgroup members in order to participate in social life. Following their emigration, most host countries and migrants share the hope that these new migrants will establish a new social network by integrating into the foreign culture, rather than simply sticking together with fellow immigrants as sometimes happens. It is important to understand which factors drive individuals to develop close cross-group relationships.Allport's (1954) contact hypothesis holds that direct, face-to-face contact between members of different groups has the potential to reduce prejudice. As intergroup prejudice can threaten the cohesion in multicultural societies, decreasing prejudice is a matter of great interest. Cross-group friendship, established as a key form of intergroup contact, represents a powerful strategy to overcome group-based prejudice (Davies et al., 2011; Pettigrew & Tropp, 2006). However, more research is needed in order to fully understand the development of cross-group friendships now that there are increasing opportunities for cross-group interactions that could improve intergroup attitudes (see Pettigrew &Tropp, 2006, for an overview). My doctoral research project aims to deepen our understanding of the process variables that drive immigrant children and adolescents to befriend native peers and vice versa. My research will also investigate the time it takes for cross-group friendships to evolve after initial contact between ingroup and outgroup members, given evidence that initial interactions may be rather difficult, and that the positive benefits of diversity may only be evident in the course of time (see, e.g., MacInnis & Page-Gould, 2015; Putnam, 2007). Consequently, it is important to understand how initial and subsequent intergroup interactions are related to regard to cross-group friendships. Eventually, insights obtained from this approach will help to develop interventions aimed at facilitating positive intergroup relations. Therefore, the first part of the proposed research project attempts to explore supporting factors of cross-group friendships. The second part intends to specify at what point intergroup interactions actually lead to cross-group friendships as a special form of intergroup contact. I have outlined a research project designed to advance our understanding of what leads outgroup and ingroup members to befriend each other and when intergroup interactions actually lead to cross-group friendships. I seek to expand the contact hypothesis from a social-psychological perspective by studying the development of intergroup contact about which we understand, in fact, relatively little so far. The suggested project aspires to enhance the ecological validity of current intergroup research. It is also aimed at contributing significantly to the development of research-based interventions for improving intergroup relations to guarantee a peaceful coexistence of different cultures and ethnicities. If successful, this project will afford an understanding of intergroup relations from adevelopmental perspective in increasingly complex and multi-ethnic societies.

在当今往往是多元文化的社会中，儿童和青少年往往在多民族、多元文化的社会中长大。由于移民背景的人在一个新国家中是少数，所以第一代和第二代移民需要与外群体成员建立联系并成为朋友，以便参与社会生活。在移民之后，大多数东道国和移民都希望这些新移民能够通过融入外国文化来建立新的社会网络，而不是像有时发生的那样简单地与其他移民在一起。重要的是要了解哪些因素促使个人发展密切的跨群体关系。Allport（1954）的接触假说认为，不同群体成员之间直接、面对面的接触有可能减少偏见。由于群体间偏见会威胁到多元文化社会的凝聚力，因此减少偏见是一个非常重要的问题。跨群体友谊作为群体间接触的关键形式，是克服群体偏见的有力策略（Davies et al., 2011; Pettigrew & Tropp, 2006）。然而，为了充分了解跨群体友谊的发展，现在有越来越多的跨群体互动的机会，可以改善群体间的态度，需要更多的研究（见Pettigrew &Tropp， 2006年的概述）。我的博士研究项目旨在加深我们对驱动移民儿童和青少年与本地同龄人交朋友的过程变量的理解，反之亦然。我的研究还将调查内部和外部成员之间最初接触后跨群体友谊发展所需的时间，因为有证据表明，最初的互动可能相当困难，多样性的积极好处可能只有在时间的过程中才会显现出来（参见，例如，MacInnis & Page-Gould, 2015; Putnam, 2007）。因此，了解最初和随后的群体间互动如何与跨群体友谊相关是很重要的。最终，从这种方法中获得的见解将有助于制定旨在促进积极群体间关系的干预措施。因此，拟议研究项目的第一部分试图探索跨群体友谊的支持因素。第二部分旨在说明在什么情况下，群体间的互动实际上会导致作为群体间接触的一种特殊形式的跨群体友谊。我已经概述了一个研究项目，旨在促进我们对是什么导致群外和群内成员彼此成为朋友，以及群间互动何时真正导致跨群友谊的理解。我试图通过研究群体间接触的发展，从社会心理学的角度来扩展接触假说，事实上，到目前为止，我们对群体间接触的了解相对较少。建议的项目旨在提高当前群体间研究的生态有效性。它还旨在为发展以研究为基础的干预措施作出重大贡献，以改善群体间关系，保证不同文化和种族的和平共处。如果成功，这个项目将使人们从发展的角度了解日益复杂和多种族社会中的群体间关系。