A study into the influence of children's periodicals on the attitudes and political awareness of young readers in the USSR from 1956-1982

1956-1982年苏联儿童期刊对青少年读者态度和政治意识影响的研究

• 批准号: 1928589
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Nottingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1928589
• 关键词: study; into; influence; children; periodicals

In the USSR, it was commonplace for the average Soviet family to subscribe to multiple state-sanctioned publications. Among the many on offer were particular magazines targeted towards children or youths. Along with all other approved press, these children's magazines were subject to the rigours of Socialist Realism and the strict censorship of the authorities. The conveyance and advancement of Communist philosophy was the primary concern of the publishers; children were not seen as children, rather they were considered as future guardians of Communism. The overarching discourse of the Soviet children's periodical press is one of deference to the party and its ideals and an outright rejection of any doubts as to its legitimacy. This PhD project seeks to assess and analyse the children's periodical press as an agent of socialisation. Two children's magazines will be considered: Murzilka and Pioner, the party-sanctioned publications of the Oktiabriata and Young Pioneer movements, but attention will also be paid to other publications of the time, including Koster. The proposed research will look specifically at the period 1956-1982, encompassing the Thaw and Stagnation periods under Khrushchev and Brezhnev respectively, and charting a vacillating approach to the character education of children. Little has been written on the role of the children's periodical press in the Soviet Union. This research will not only address this gap in existing knowledge on the socialising role of children's literature on young readers, but will also allow further deconstruction of the Soviet legacy and its shaping of the Russian present.The proposed research will consider the two major publications holistically, focusing on the following questions: How were the magazines constructed? Who decided the content? How effective were the publications in shaping the attitudes of young communists? Was the socialisation of the reader a success? Did the readers grow up to be 'New Soviet' men and women? First, the textual and graphic content of each magazine will be analysed and coded. Reference will be made to the party's implementation of Socialist Realism and the doctrines therein, as well as the socio-political panorama, in order to contextualise the magazine's content and form. The research will question how far the doctrines of Socialist Realism determined the content of the magazines, how stringent character education was realised through stories, poetry and illustrations and in turn, how these led to the politicisation and socialisation of the reader and the negotiation of Soviet identity. The effect of the contemporaneous socio-political issues and events on the content of the magazines will be examined in order to help understand how children were viewed by society and conversely how society was viewed by children.Secondly, the research will explore the construction of the magazines. Through analysis of editorial archives, the project will seek to understand how each issue came to be; whether the content was commissioned or suggested by the writer, whether any restrictions were implicit or explicit, whether any revisions were required before the piece was deemed suitable for publication and the nature of the relationship between contributor and editor. In so doing, any artistic constraints on contributors will be uncovered and the extent to which they were personally enforced by the editorial staff analysed.Finally, the research will seek to assess the reception of the magazines amongst the target readership. Interviews will be conducted with former readers in order to uncover their past attitude to the magazines. These oral histories will help construct a picture of how children viewed the magazines and the magazines' role in the readers' character education and social attitudes and whether this was achieved implicitly or explicitly.

在苏联，普通苏联家庭订阅多份国家批准的出版物是司空见惯的事。在众多提供的杂志中，有专门针对儿童或青少年的杂志。与所有其他经批准的媒体一样，这些儿童杂志受到社会主义现实主义的严格限制和当局的严格审查。共产主义哲学的传播和发展是出版商最关心的问题；儿童并不被视为儿童，相反，他们被视为共产主义的未来卫士。苏联儿童期刊的主要言论是对党及其理想的尊重，并直截了当地拒绝任何关于其合法性的怀疑。这个博士项目旨在评估和分析作为社会化媒介的儿童期刊出版社。将考虑两本儿童杂志：党批准的Oktiabriata和Young Pioneer运动的出版物Murzilka和Pioner，但也将关注当时的其他出版物，包括Koster。这项拟议的研究将具体着眼于1956-1982年间，分别涵盖赫鲁晓夫和勃列日涅夫统治下的解冻和停滞时期，并绘制出一种摇摆不定的儿童品格教育方法。关于儿童期刊出版社在苏联所扮演的角色的文章很少。这项研究不仅将填补关于儿童文学对年轻读者的社会化作用的现有知识的空白，而且还将允许进一步解构苏联的遗产及其对俄罗斯当下的塑造。拟议的研究将从整体上考虑这两个主要出版物，重点关注以下问题：杂志是如何构建的？谁决定了内容？这些出版物对塑造年轻共产党人的态度有多大效果？读者的社会化成功了吗？读者长大后会成为“新苏维埃”的男男女女吗？首先，将对每本杂志的文字和图形内容进行分析和编码。将参考该党实施社会主义现实主义和其中的学说，以及社会政治全景，以便使杂志的内容和形式与背景相联系。这项研究将质疑社会主义现实主义在多大程度上决定了杂志的内容，通过故事、诗歌和插图实现了多严格的人格教育，进而质疑这些如何导致读者的政治化和社会化以及苏联身份的谈判。我们将考察当时的社会政治问题和事件对杂志内容的影响，以帮助了解社会是如何看待儿童的，反过来，儿童又是如何看待社会的。第二，研究将探索杂志的建设。通过对编辑档案的分析，该项目将设法了解每一期是如何产生的；内容是否由作者委托或建议，是否有任何限制是含蓄的或明确的，在认为文章适合出版之前是否需要进行任何修改，以及投稿人和编辑之间的关系的性质。在这样做的过程中，将发现对投稿人的任何艺术限制，并分析编辑人员在多大程度上亲自执行这些限制。最后，研究将寻求评估目标读者对杂志的接受程度。将对以前的读者进行采访，以揭示他们过去对杂志的态度。这些口述历史将有助于构建一幅图景，了解儿童如何看待杂志，以及杂志在读者品格教育和社会态度中的作用，以及这是含蓄地还是明确地实现的。