An investigation into the neurobehavioral interactions between sensory- and reward-prediction errors during motor learning

项目摘要 当我们遇到预测错误时，即预期与观察之间的差异， 大脑使用错误传递的信息来指导自适应学习，以提高未来的准确性。的 建议的研究集中在机制，通过并发可用的预测误差通知 运动行为的改变先前的工作将预测误差分为两类，根据 导致它们的条件和它们诱导的学习。奖励预测误差（RPE）出现时，任务 性能比预期更好或更差，并导致影响动作选择的学习。感官- 另一方面，预测误差（SPE）发生在运动的预期 并观察感官反馈，并驱动该特定运动的适应。先前的工作已经将RPE 与基底神经节和SPE与小脑，导致这两种错误的想法， 不同的网络来控制不同的学习过程。事实上，SPE（而不是RPE）会引起内隐适应 在有意识的意识水平之下，而RPE（而不是SPE）导致外显学习，这表明， 不同的神经系统使用不同的误差信号来支持独立的学习过程。然而，在这方面， 最近的研究表明，联合SPE和RPE在内隐和外显学习中产生不同的效果， 无论是孤立的，这表明SPE为基础的和RPE为基础的学习网络相互作用。这些影响可能 由SPE和RPE信号之间的直接相互作用介导，其中一个错误的出现影响了 一种神经教学信号，通常驱动学习以响应另一种信号。可替代地，交互可以是 间接的，在SPE和RPE为基础的系统并行学习收敛在一个共同的神经目标， 影响行为输出。为了理解这些相互作用的机制，我将提出不同的 预测误差在视觉达到适应（VMR），并衡量其独立和联合的影响 行为和功能性磁共振成像BOLD信号。神经心理学调查将补充这些研究， 提供了对疾病期间错误及其支持系统之间的功能相互作用的洞察。 这些研究通过关注错误与处理系统之间相互作用的神经基础， 他们，将提供有价值的洞察事件和信号，支持适应性运动学习。我的发现 也可以提供洞察力的设计康复方案的基础上的新知识的能力 不同的错误信号来驱动受疾病影响或未受疾病影响的系统的学习。

PROJECT SUMMARY When we experience a prediction error, a difference between what was expected and what was observed, the brain uses information conveyed by the error to guide adaptive learning that improves future accuracy. The proposed research focuses on the mechanisms by which concurrently available prediction errors inform changes in our motor behaviors. Prior work divided prediction errors into two categories, according to the conditions that cause them and the learning that they induce. Reward-prediction errors (RPE) arise when task performance is better or worse than expected, and cause learning that affects action selection. Sensory- prediction errors (SPE), on the other hand, occur when there is a mismatch between a movement’s expected and observed sensory feedback, and drive adaptation of that particular movement. Prior work has linked RPEs with the basal ganglia and SPEs with the cerebellum, leading to the idea that the two kinds of error operate on distinct networks to control distinct learning processes. Indeed, SPE (but not RPE) causes implicit adaptation beneath the level of conscious awareness, while RPE (but not SPE) causes explicit learning, suggesting that different neural systems use the different error signals to support separate learning processes. However, recent work has revealed that joint SPE and RPE produce different effects on implicit and explicit learning than either in isolation, suggesting that SPE-based and RPE-based learning networks interact. These effects may be mediated by a direct interaction between SPE and RPE signals, with presentation of one error affecting the neural teaching signal that normally drives learning in response to the other. Alternately, the interaction may be indirect, with parallel learning in SPE- and RPE-based systems converging on a common neural target to influence behavioral output. To understand the mechanism underlying these interactions, I will present different prediction errors during visuomotor reach adaptation (VMR) and measure their independent and joint effects on behavior and fMRI BOLD signals. Neuropsychological investigations will complement these studies and provide insight into the functional interactions between errors and their supporting systems during disease. These studies, by focusing on the neural basis for interactions between errors and the systems that process them, will provide valuable insight into the events and signals that support adaptive motor learning. My findings may also provide insight for the design of rehabilitation protocols based on new knowledge about the capacity for different error signals to drive learning in systems affected or spared by disease.