The role of geographic data in third sector service provision: developing a framework for research and practice

地理数据在第三部门服务提供中的作用：制定研究和实践框架

• 批准号: 1929135
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Birmingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1929135
• 关键词: role; geographic; data; third; sector

A central concern of social policy is understanding how best to facilitate an equilibrium between the demands of social need and the supply and provision of adequate services (Baldock et al., 2011). As state provision declines expectations of the third sector's ability to respond to needs are rising, but those needs are also taking on a spatial character: long-term evidence (e.g. through the work of Danny Dorling and others) suggests a concentration of disadvantage in small areas. By employing a geographic lens, clarity is provided on the processes behind meeting pertinent social policy demands such as how best can community and voluntary action groups allocate resources (whether volunteers, or funded programmes) to maximise their impact or minimise overlap and competition between providers of services. The macro-level mismatch between supply and demand of third sector services has been well documented (Mohan and Breeze, 2015., Lindsey, 2013) however research into the micro-level efforts to overcome this are scarce. Increasingly, focus on big data and data processes (Kitchin, 2014) has occurred as well as the proliferation of geographic information systems (GIS) (Goodchild, 2009), especially amongst TSOs. Identifying how these components interact synergistically to meet social policy challenges within the third sector is both intellectually exciting and beneficial for the sector itself. Although the work of New Philanthropy Capital (de las Casas, 2013), NCVO (2016a) and Just Giving (2015) and others has drawn attention to the importance of improved evidence on impact, they and others (e.g. Data Evolution (2016) show little exploration into use of geographical information in the sector. Therefore, the aims of this study are:a) To address the research gap in empirical understanding of TSO engagement with geographic data. b) To develop an analytical framework that details how geographic data can be used by TSOs to efficiently allocate resources in response to service user demand. c) To explore the potential uses of geographic data in third sector service provision, in accordance with existing data availability and technical capabilities. The research questions employed are:RQ1: What role does geospatially referenced data on service user demand play when allocating third sector resources?RQ2: Which organisational aims necessitate the use of geographic data for their delivery?RQ3: What technical and analytical capacity exists for further use of geographic data to meet organisational aims?

社会政策的一个核心问题是理解如何最好地促进社会需求的需求与适当服务的供应和提供之间的平衡(Baldock等人，2011年)。随着国家提供的资金减少，对第三部门满足需求的能力的期望正在上升，但这些需求也呈现出空间特征：长期证据(例如，通过丹尼·多林等人的工作)表明，不利因素集中在较小的领域。通过使用地理视角，明确了满足相关社会政策要求背后的过程，例如社区和志愿行动团体如何最好地分配资源(无论是志愿者还是资助的方案)，以最大限度地发挥其影响，或最大限度地减少服务提供者之间的重叠和竞争。第三部门服务供需之间的宏观层面的错配已经有了很好的记录(Mohan and Breeze，2015.，Lindsey，2013)，然而，对微观层面努力克服这一问题的研究很少。越来越多地关注大数据和数据流程(Kitchin，2014)，以及地理信息系统(GIS)的激增(GoodChild，2009)，特别是在TSO中。查明这些组成部分如何协同作用，以应对第三部门内的社会政策挑战，这既是智力上的兴奋，也是该部门本身的好处。尽管新慈善资本(De las Casas，2013年)、NCVO(2016a)和Just Giving(2015)等人的工作引起了人们对改进影响证据的重要性的注意，但他们和其他人(例如，数据演变(2016))几乎没有对地理信息在该部门的使用进行探索。因此，本研究的目的是：a)解决地理数据对TSO参与的实证理解方面的研究差距。B)制定一个分析框架，详细说明服务提供商如何利用地理数据有效地分配资源，以满足服务用户的需求。C)根据现有数据和技术能力，探讨地理数据在第三部门服务提供中的潜在用途。所采用的研究问题是：RQ1：关于服务用户需求的地理参考数据在分配第三部门资源时扮演什么角色？RQ2：哪些组织目标需要使用地理数据来交付？RQ3：有哪些技术和分析能力可以进一步使用地理数据来满足组织目标？