Exploring the Role of Desistance Theory in Community Justice Policy Provision for Women in Scotland

这项实证研究的中心目的是发展一个更交叉的理解如何停止为重点的研究，近年来构建苏格兰社区司法（SCJ）的政策和服务的妇女。这项拟议的研究将批判性地探讨如何停止为重点的框架和方法（劳布和桑普森，2001年;希利，2010年）的财富已被解释和利用，以影响SCJ对妇女的反应。这项研究将三角政策分析，采访从业人员，并探讨决策者的观点。该方法将使停止研究在SCJ决策中发挥的作用以及这些政策如何转化为服务提供得到充分研究。当代终止文献和研究（如Maruna，2001年; Giordano等人，二○ ○二年; Sampson和Laub，2003年; Farrall和Maruna，2004年）将通过交叉性和女权主义犯罪学观点的透镜进行分析。本研究将置于研究者的批判女权主义和社会建构主义认识论，因此，不限于考虑只集中在个人机构。它将包括对停止的结构性影响，包括性别劣势（Giordano等人，2002年）、体制文化（Maruna和Toch，2005年）、穷人的刑事定罪（Reiman，1979年）和国家对妇女的刑事反应（Eski等人，2011年; Steffensmeier和Haynie，2000年）。因此，本研究旨在考虑影响妇女中止的复杂微观因素的相互作用，以及影响中止奖学金（Farrall和Maruna，2004年）和最高法院决策的公认结构方面（Farrall和Bowling，1999年）。中止理论已成为学术界的一个动态领域（格雷厄姆和麦克尼尔，2017）。性别和中止的交叉性是苏格兰社会法律和犯罪学研究中非常热门的话题。这项研究将处于当前最高法院妇女政策不断变化（苏格兰政府，2014年;苏格兰政府，2015年）和社区司法规定重组（社区司法（苏格兰）法案，2015年）的新格局中。因此，这项研究认识到，这是一个重要的时刻，要检查的影响停止研究的经验，以社区为基础的举措，在苏格兰的妇女。研究问题：1。哪些社会、政治和学术方面的考虑影响了苏格兰妇女社区司法政策的制定？2.这些政策如何影响妇女的康复经历和走向停止的道路？3.在社区为有信念的妇女采取的举措中，政策在多大程度上成功地转化为实践？4.政策制定者和中止学者如何才能更好地解决最高法院倡议中的现有限制，以纳入性别差异和妇女中止过程的经验？

The central aim of this empirical research is to develop a more intersectional understanding of how desistance-focused research has constructed Scottish Community Justice (SCJ) policies and services for women in recent years. This proposed research will critically explore how the wealth of desistance-focused frameworks and approaches (Laub and Sampson, 2001; Healy, 2010) have been interpreted and utilised to influence SCJ responses to women. This study will triangulate policy analysis; interviewing practitioners; and exploring policymaker's perspectives. The methodology will enable both the role desistance research has played in SCJ policymaking and how these policies have translated into service provision to be fully examined. Contemporary desistance literature and research (such as Maruna, 2001; Giordano et al., 2002; Sampson and Laub, 2003; Farrall and Maruna, 2004) will be analysed through the lens of intersectionality and feminist criminological perspectives. This research will be placed within the researcher's critical feminist and social constructionist epistemology and therefore, not be limited to considerations only focusing on individual agency. It will encompass structural influences towards desistance including, gendered disadvantage (Giordano et al., 2002), institutional cultures (Maruna and Toch, 2005), the criminalisation of the poor (Reiman, 1979) and national penal responses to women (Eski et al., 2011; Steffensmeier and Haynie, 2000). Therefore, this study aims to consider the interplay of complex micro factors which influence women's desistance and the recognised structural aspects (Farrall and Bowling, 1999) which have shaped desistance scholarship (Farrall and Maruna, 2004) and SCJ policymaking. Desistance theory has become a dynamic field of academia (Graham and McNeill, 2017). The intersectionality of gender and desistance is very topical within Scottish socio-legal and criminology research. This study will be situated within the current emerging landscape of changing SCJ policy for women (The Scottish Government, 2014; The Scottish Government, 2015) and the restructuring of Community Justice provision (Community Justice (Scotland) Bill, 2015). Consequently, this study recognises this is an important time to be examining the impact desistance research has on the experiences of community-based initiatives for women in Scotland. Research Questions:1. What social, political and academic considerations influence the construction of Community Justice policies for women in Scotland?2. How have these policies influenced women's experiences of rehabilitation and pathways towards desistance? 3. How successfully has policy translated into practice within community-based initiatives for women with convictions?4. How could policymakers and desistance scholars better address current limitations within SCJ initiatives to incorporate gendered differences and experiences of the desistance process for women?