Corporate Bribery and Corruption: Efficacious regulation or blissful ignorance?

最近发生的事件提醒世人，当企业选择以疏忽和/或腐败的方式开展业务时，它们可能造成的危害。这种行为正日益引起全球各国政府的注意；以及倡导团体、慈善机构和非政府组织。传达的信息是，贿赂和腐败是一个大问题。这些行为在形式上被认为是可怕的，但完全合法，现在正受到严密的审查。预防腐败日益普遍，因此这项工作需要对企业进行显微镜观察。英国透明国际（Transparency International UK）指出，这是一个研究不足、企业贪婪风险持续存在的领域，本文将探讨如何才能、也应该最好地控制企业的不当行为。公司监管和/或控制引发了许多争论。从20世纪80年代的《审计爆炸》（Power）到《响应性监管》（Responsive Regulation）的兴起（Ayres和Braithwaite），这些机制都与如何最好地监管企业不法行为有关。这种紧张关系表明，有必要平衡观点，超越理论应用，进入实际实施。2010年《反贿赂法》的出台，标志着立法前景的转变。随着它的资产被描述为“类固醇立法”，它是否成功地辜负了它的声誉？本文将评估s.72010年贿赂法案充分的程序，公司辩护，并说明简单的声明是不够的。适当的程序，在其多方面的形式下，需要变得不仅仅是适当。从保护举报人，到切实可行的策略。许多作家将企业描述为具有阿米巴特质的企业，正是考虑到这一点，本文作者建议，拥有这种改变的能力；透明、诚实、正直和道德决心成为商业运作的前沿。伦敦反腐败峰会已过去一年，英国承诺的行动仍未兑现。这包括制定反腐败战略。根据这一主题，该研究将通过以下方式为商业部门做出贡献：1)通过引入流程和实践来协助承诺变革，发展现有的仅仅倡导道德自律的文化。2)探索最佳企业文化如何转化。通过认识到主动而非被动的必要性，就可以从预防胜于治疗的立场出发，推动合规。3)最终就如何通过提高透明度和有针对性的政策来解决企业腐败问题提出结论和建议，这些政策与高级人员直接相关。4)重新评估企业违反刑法时如何处罚的概念。尽管我们选择了一些民事补救办法，但我们需要思考的问题是，我们如何才能确保经济利益不凌驾于可诉利益之上。

Recent events have reminded the world of the harm corporations can do when they choose to conduct operations in a negligent and/or corrupt manner. Such behaviour is increasingly attracting the attention of governments across the globe; as well as advocacy groups, charities and non-governmental organisations. The message, bribery and corruption is a big problem. Actions which were formally considered to be awful, but entirely lawful, are now under close scrutiny. The prevention of corruption has an increasing prevalence, and in so doing this work will take a microscope to corporations. An arena noted by Transparency International UK to be under-researched and at continual risk of corporate greed, this thesis shall look at how best corporate wrongdoing can and should be controlled.Corporate regulation and/or control has given rise to numerous debates. From the 1980's Audit Explosion (Power) to the rise of Responsive Regulation (Ayres and Braithwaite), such mechanisms can all relate to the concern of how best corporate wrongdoing can or should be policed. Such tensions demonstrate that there is a need to balance the perspectives, moving beyond theoretical application, into practical implementation. The creation of the Bribery Act 2010 has seen a shift in legislative outlook. With it's assets being described as "legislation on steroids", has it succeeded in living up to its reputation? This thesis will evaluate the s.7 Bribery Act 2010 adequate procedures corporate defence and illustrate how simple statements of proclamations are insufficient. Adequate procedures, in its multifaceted form, are in need of becoming more than just adequate. From whistle-blower protections, to practically aimed strategies. With writers describing corporations as having amoebic qualities, it is with that in mind that this author recommends that with such an ability to change; transparency, honesty, integrity and ethical determination becomes the forefront of commercial operation. One year on from the London Anti-Corruption Summit, actions promised by the UK remain pending and overdue. This includes the development of an anti-corruption strategy. In accordance with this theme, the research will make a contribution to the commercial sector by:1) Developing the existing culture of merely advocating ethical self-governance, by introducing processes and practices to assist in the commitment to change. 2) Exploring how best corporate culture can be transformed. By recognising the need to be proactive rather than reactive, compliance can be driven from the position of prevention being better than cure. 3) Ultimately offering conclusions and recommendations as to how corporate corruption can be tackled through an increase in transparency and targeted policies which are directly associated to senior personnel. 4) Re-evaluating the concept of how best to punish corporations when they fall foul of criminal law. Despite a selection of civil remedies, we need to question how we can ensure that economical interest do not go before that which is justiciable.