Structure And Function Of Cytoplasmic Motors

细胞体合成的细胞骨架蛋白传递到神经末梢对神经元的生长、维持和再生至关重要。关于这种缓慢运输的重要问题是，蛋白质是通过什么马达和以什么形式运输的。用共聚焦显微镜观察了注射到鱿鱼巨轴突的荧光标记细胞骨架蛋白的运动。一个新的发现是，这些蛋白质的扩散与预期的能量依赖运动同时发生。抑制分子马达：肌凝蛋白、运动蛋白和动力蛋白，以及从药理学上破坏特定的细胞骨架束，或使用新开发的双光子损伤技术，已经开始阐明哪些马达和束负责轴突蛋白的缓慢运输。蛋白质在转运复合体内的结合系数也在研究中。除了研究转运外，对一种特殊运动肌球蛋白的补充研究表明，它负责轴突横断后轴突的束状收缩。由于这种作用，以及它在缓慢运输的某些方面可能的作用，巨大轴突中的肌球蛋白已经被测序和表征，以产生用于功能研究的探针。

Delivery to nerve terminals of cytoskeletal proteins synthesized in the cell body is crucial for growth, maintenance and regeneration of neurons. Important questions about this slow transport are by what motors and in what forms are proteins are transported. The movements of fluorescent labeled cytoskeletal proteins injected into the squid giant axon were examined by confocal microscopy. A novel finding is that there is diffusion of these proteins simultaneous with the expected energy dependent movements. Inhibiting the molecular motors: myosin, kinesin, and dynein as well as disrupting specific cytoskeletal tracts pharmacologically, or with a newly developed 2-photon lesioning technique, has begun to elucidate which motors and tracts are responsible for slow transport of axonal proteins. Binding coefficients of proteins within the transport complex are also under investigation. In addition to studying transport, supplemental work on one particular motor, myosin, has shown that it is responsible for the purse-string constriction of the axons that follows axonal transection. Because of this role, as well as its possible role in some aspects of slow transport, the myosins in the giant axon have been sequenced and characterized to produce probes for functional studies.