WELFARE REFORM AND YOUNG ADULT OUTCOMES

福利改革和年轻人的成果

• 批准号: 6526339
• 负责人: LINGXIN HAO
• 金额: $ 12.17万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-09-27 至 2004-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6526339
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); behavioral /social science research tag; education; employment /unemployment; human subject; outcomes research; pregnancy; social service; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the Applicant's Abstract): The welfare reform legislation of 1996, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) is transforming the welfare system from an income-dispensing program to an employment program. Under the new law, states have been given wide latitude in designing and implementing state welfare policies and have responded differently in work discipline and maternalism. This proposed research examines the consequences of welfare reform, both in terms of state variation and in terms of the overall structural shift of welfare policy under the law, for adolescents and young adults. The first phase (years 1-3) of the proposed research focuses on a cohort of youth who enter adolescence after PRWORA. The investigators will examine the effects of state variation under PRWORA on adolescent and young adult outcomes in (1) high school completion, (2) formal employment, (3) first out-of-wedlock childbearing, and (4) first welfare participation. Controlling for family, peer and local economy effects, we test the effects of work discipline and maternalism of bundled state policies. Data from the NLSY97, a nationally representative sample, will be matched with the state policy data from the public-use database from Assessing the New Federalism of the Urban Institute. Event history analysis of multiple events and reciprocal causation will be performed. Multi-level analysis will be used to yield more precise estimates of the state-level policy effects. The second phase (years 4-5) focuses on a comparison between the NLSY97 and an earlier cohort, NLSY Young Adults who were children of the NLSY79 women respondents. The investigators will examine the effects of the overall structural shift of welfare policy by comparing the outcomes of two cohorts experiencing transition to adulthood before and after the welfare structural shift. Using the most recent development in the literature on selection bias in non-randomized data, they propose a design to make the two cohorts comparable and a method to obtain unbiased estimates of the overall welfare reform effects.

描述（改编自申请人的摘要）：福利改革 1996年，《个人责任和工作机会法》 《和解法》（PRWORA）正在改变福利制度， 从收入分配计划到就业计划。根据新法，国家 在设计和实施国家福利方面， 在工作纪律和母性方面，各国的政策和反应各不相同。 这项拟议中的研究探讨了福利改革的后果， 就国家变化和整体结构转变而言， 根据法律为青少年和青年制定福利政策。 拟议研究的第一阶段（1-3年）侧重于一个队列， 在PRWORA之后进入青春期的青少年。调查人员将检查 PRWORA下状态变化对青少年和年轻成人结局的影响 在（1）高中毕业，（2）正式就业，（3）第一次非婚 生育;（4）第一次福利参与。控制家人，同伴 和当地经济的影响，我们测试的影响，工作纪律， 捆绑式国家政策的母性主义。数据来自NLSY 97，一个全国性的 代表性样本，将与国家政策数据相匹配， 城市研究所评估新联邦主义的公共使用数据库。 将对多个事件和相互因果关系进行事件历史分析 执行。将使用多水平分析来得出更精确的估计， 国家层面的政策效应。 第二阶段（4-5年级）侧重于比较NLSY 97和 早期队列，NLSY 79名妇女的子女NLSY年轻成年人 受访者。研究人员将检查整体的影响， 福利政策的结构性转变，通过比较两个队列的结果 在福利结构之前和之后经历向成年的过渡 班使用文献中关于选择偏倚的最新进展， 非随机数据，他们提出了一种设计，使两个队列具有可比性 以及一种获得整体福利改革无偏估计的方法 方面的影响.