权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Manufacturing Competitiveness in Times of China: Evidence from South Africa.

中国时代的制造业竞争力：来自南非的证据。

基本信息

批准号：
1975220
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
School of Oriental and African Studies
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1975220
关键词：
Manufacturing Competitiveness Times China Evidence

项目摘要

The opportunities and challenges associated with increasing South-South trade and global value chain (GVCs) integration have gained centre-stage in the academic and policy debate across developing countries. China looms large in these discussions, given the massive gains in its world manufacturing share since the mid-1990s, and the increasing domestic value-added content of its exports since the mid-2000s. The dramatic expansion in Chinese commercial weight, and the country's upgrading from global assembler to parts provider and system integrator along GVCs, even in some advanced manufacturing sectors, opens up important questions on its impact on the rest of the world. This is particularly the case for many countries trapped in their middle-income status, experiencing premature deindustrialisation and deteriorating trade imbalances. Informed by a structural-evolutionary approach, this research tries to understand to what extent the current globalisation context, particularly the rise of China, shifts the goal posts for middle-income economies, heightening the challenges they face in their transition to high-income status. This broad research question is operationalised within the context of an underperforming middle-income country such as South Africa, where the increasing integration into the global economy after the end of the apartheid, and particularly the ongoing intensification of import competition from China, has gone hand-in-hand with severe unemployment, poor growth performances, deindustrialisation dynamics, serious challenges in upgrading the domestic economic structure. The empirical section of the thesis consists of three independent chapters, each of which takes a distinct approach to explore the effects of the rise of China on the performances of South African manufacturers over the past two decades.In the first empirical chapter, I analyse the impact of Chinese import penetration on firms' performances, taking into account the mediating role of technology and production capabilities of domestic companies. Specifically, using a unique firm-level database (2010-2017), I study the impact of Chinese import penetration - both direct and indirect (e.g. through input-output linkages along the domestic value chain) - on the performances of manufacturing firms, and whether firms investing relatively more intensively in capabilities' development are more resilient to such competitive pressure. This chapter employs AQMs (advanced econometrics combined with I-O analysis).In the second empirical chapter, I investigate the extent to which increasing Chinese exports of medium- to high-tech manufacturing products have displaced or complemented South African ones in third importing markets. Using highly detailed Harmonized System product-level data from 2000 to 2018, I estimate an augmented gravity model equation on South African and Chinese medium- to high-tech exports to the most relevant importers of these South African goods.To complement the exercises above, in the third empirical chapter, I empirically investigate the main reasons behind the ongoing marginalisation of South Africa as a strategic location for production and innovation of mining-related equipment, despite the strong technological capabilities of its domestic supplier base. By analysing the role of dominant multinational incumbent firms and powerful emerging Chinese actors in shaping the governance structures of the global mining machinery industry, the chapter highlights the non-technological nature of the barriers facing South African firms in their attempt to capture value from upgrading, and to consolidate their competitive position, moving from local to global. Primary data has been gathered through 49 interviews conducted with representatives from companies, industry associations and relevant institutions in South Africa, between January and June 2019.

与加强南南贸易和全球价值链（GVC）一体化相关的机遇和挑战已成为发展中国家学术和政策辩论的中心议题。鉴于自 20 世纪 90 年代中期以来中国在世界制造业中所占份额的大幅增长，以及自 2000 年代中期以来其出口产品的国内附加值不断增加，中国在这些讨论中显得尤为重要。中国商业实力的急剧扩张，以及中国从全球组装商升级为全球价值链零部件供应商和系统集成商，甚至在一些先进制造业领域，都引发了关于其对世界其他地区影响的重要问题。对于许多陷入中等收入地位、过早去工业化和贸易失衡恶化的国家来说尤其如此。本研究以结构演化方法为基础，试图了解当前的全球化背景，特别是中国的崛起，在多大程度上改变了中等收入经济体的目标，加剧了它们在向高收入地位转型过程中面临的挑战。这一广泛的研究问题是在南非等表现不佳的中等收入国家的背景下进行的，南非在种族隔离结束后日益融入全球经济，特别是来自中国的进口竞争持续加剧，与严重的失业、增长表现不佳、去工业化动态以及国内经济结构升级面临的严峻挑战同时发生。论文的实证部分由三个独立的章节组成，每一章都采取不同的方法来探讨过去二十年中国的崛起对南非制造商绩效的影响。在第一章实证中，我分析了中国进口渗透对企业绩效的影响，同时考虑到国内企业技术和生产能力的中介作用。具体来说，我使用独特的企业级数据库（2010-2017）研究了中国进口渗透——直接和间接（例如通过国内价值链上的投入产出联系）——对制造企业绩效的影响，以及在能力发展上相对更加集中投资的企业是否更能抵御这种竞争压力。本章采用了AQM（高级计量经济学与I-O分析相结合）。在第二章实证中，我研究了中国不断增加的中高科技制造业产品出口在多大程度上取代或补充了南非在第三个进口市场的产品。使用 2000 年至 2018 年非常详细的统一制度产品级数据，我估计了南非和中国向这些南非商品最相关的进口国出口的中高科技出口的增强引力模型方程。为了补充上述练习，在第三章实证中，我实证研究了南非作为采矿相关设备生产和创新战略地点持续边缘化的主要原因，尽管其国内供应商基地的技术能力。通过分析占主导地位的现有跨国公司和强大的新兴中国参与者在塑造全球矿山机械行业治理结构中的作用，本章强调了南非公司在试图从升级中获取价值并巩固其竞争地位（从本地转向全球）时所面临的障碍的非技术性质。主要数据是通过 2019 年 1 月至 6 月期间对南非公司、行业协会和相关机构代表进行的 49 次访谈收集的。