MUTAGENESIS AND CARCINOGENESIS

这是最大的研究核心，由九个 从事诱变和致癌作用各方面研究的科学家。 它汇集了毒理学家，分子生物学家，流行病学家和 遗传学家这些跨学科项目的研究范围包括： 通过对生物标志物和癌症风险的人群研究发现DNA损伤。 核心领导人是艾伦·史密斯博士。实验室的成就 包括脱落膀胱上皮细胞中遗传毒性效应的证据 饮用水中砷暴露人群中砷含量的变化。其他 这个核心的成就包括艾姆斯博士的发现， 损伤在衰老和癌症中起着重要作用，线粒体是 这些氧化剂重要来源，而膳食抗氧化剂可以保护 对抗人体的氧化损伤。新沙门氏菌试验菌株（艾姆斯II 测试）也已开发。新的荧光标记用于分析 核酸是由亚历山大格雷泽博士发明的。洛伊斯·戈尔德博士， 与布鲁斯艾姆斯博士合作，开发了排名方案和数据库 人类接触的致癌物质。亚历山大卡鲁博士 开发了检测多氯联苯和多环芳烃的免疫测定法。斯图尔特·林恩博士补充说， 我们对氧化性DNA损伤步骤的了解。马丁·史密斯博士 对苯代谢物的遗传毒性效应有新的发现， 膀胱脱落细胞微核荧光原位杂交技术的建立 艾伦·史密斯博士的研究中使用的实验。

This is the largest of the research cores, consisting of nine investigators working on various aspects of mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. It brings together toxicologists, molecular biologists, epidemiologist and geneticists. The multi-disciplinary projects range in scope from studies on DNA damage through human population studies on biomarkers and cancer risk. The core leader is Dr. Allan Smith. Accomplishments from his laboratory include evidence for genotoxic effects in exfoliated bladder epithelial cells in human population exposed to arsenic in drinking water. Other accomplishments of this core include findings by Dr. Ames that oxidative DNA damage plays a major role in aging and cancer, that mitochondria are an important source of these oxidants, and that dietary antioxidant can protect against oxidative damage in humans. New Salmonella tester strains (Ames II test) have also been developed. New fluorescent labels for analysis of nucleic acid have been developed by Dr. Alexander Glazer. Dr. Lois Gold, in collaboration with Dr. Bruce Ames, has developed ranking schemes and databases for carcinogenic agents to which humans are exposed. Dr. Alexander Karu has developed immunoassays to detect PCBs and PAHs. Dr. Stuart Linn has added to our knowledge of the steps involved in oxidative DNA damage. Dr. Martyn Smith has new findings on the genotoxic effects of benzene metabolites, as well as development of a FISH technique for micronuclei in exfoliated bladder experiments which was used in the studies of Dr. Allan Smith.