Ventral and dorsal visual streams in action planning

行动计划中的腹侧和背侧视觉流

• 批准号: 6438364
• 负责人: SCOTT H FREY
• 金额: $ 15.22万
• 依托单位: DARTMOUTH COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-12-14 至 2005-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6438364
• 关键词: behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; eye movements; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; mathematical model; memory; neural information processing; psychomotor function; psychophysics; transcranial magnetic stimulation; visual perception

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Scott H. Johnson, Ph.D. was trained as a cognitive psychologist and has established an active research program in object perception and prehension. The purpose of this award is to allow Scott to develop additional knowledge, skills and experience necessary to pursue both the behavioral and neural bases of these processes. This goal will be undertaken with the support and supervision of sponsor Scott G. Grafton and co-sponsors Nancy G. Kanwisher, Andrew Barto. Functional MRI, and psychophysical studies will take place at the the Center for Cognitive Neuroscience at Dartmouth College where Scott is currently a Research Assistant Professor. Additional training will be pursued through Dr. Barto?s computational motor lab at the University of Massachusetts and Dr. Kanwisher?s lab at M.I.T. The proposed research plan describes a series of studies designed to increase our understanding the contributions of the human ventral and dorsal visual streams to the planning of visually-guided actions; i.e., tool prehension and manipulation. These experiments employ a variety of strategies (event-related fMRI, psychophysics, and computational modeling) to evaluate hypotheses motivated both by computational considerations and what is currently known about the functional architecture of the visual and motor systems. It is well-established that extrastriate visual areas of primates are organized into two primary streams of processing: an occipital-temporal (i.e., ventral) stream, and an occipital-parietal (i.e., dorsal) stream. Reciprocal connections exist between areas within these streams, and both pathways provide visual input to regions of prefrontal cortex that are involved in working memory and planning. At present, the functional significance of this organization for human behavior is not well-understood, and remains a source of active debate. Recent evidence from electrophysiology and neuroimaging point to the inadequacies of current theories, and suggest that areas within both streams may be considerably more interactive than previously supposed. Based on preliminary results, the present studies will evaluate an alternative model in which areas within the human dorsal and ventral streams are said to interact directly--via reciprocal interconnections, and/or indirectly-- through feedback from the prefrontal structures, during action planning.

描述（由申请人提供）：Scott H.约翰逊博士作为一名认知心理学家，我已经建立了一个积极的研究项目，在对象的感知和理解。这个奖项的目的是让斯科特发展额外的知识，技能和必要的经验，以追求这些过程的行为和神经基础。这一目标将在赞助商Scott G.格拉夫顿和 共同赞助人南希·G.坎维舍安德鲁·巴托功能性磁共振成像和心理物理学研究将在达特茅斯学院认知神经科学中心进行，斯科特目前是该中心的研究助理教授。额外的培训将通过巴托博士进行？S 马萨诸塞州大学的计算运动实验室和Kanwisher博士在麻省理工学院的实验室。 拟议的研究计划描述了一系列研究，旨在增加我们对人类腹侧和背侧视觉流对视觉引导行动规划的贡献的理解;即，工具扩展和操作。这些实验采用了各种策略（事件相关的功能磁共振成像，心理物理学和计算建模）来评估由计算考虑和目前已知的视觉和运动系统的功能结构所激发的假设。众所周知，灵长类动物的纹外视觉区被组织成两个主要的处理流：枕颞区（即，腹侧）流，和枕-顶骨（即，背侧）流。这些信息流中的区域之间存在相互联系，这两条通路都向参与工作记忆和计划的前额叶皮层区域提供视觉输入。目前，这个组织对人类行为的功能意义还没有得到很好的理解，仍然是一个活跃的辩论的来源。最近的电生理学和神经影像学证据指出了当前理论的不足之处，并表明这两个流内的区域可能比以前想象的更具互动性。基于初步结果，本研究将评估一种替代模型，在该模型中，人类背侧流和腹侧流内的区域据说通过相互连接直接相互作用，和/或间接地通过来自前额叶结构的反馈， 行动计划