Eisenhower, Education, and Civil Rights: a Reassessment of the Eisenhower Administration's Contribution to School Desegregation...

艾森豪威尔，教育和公民权利：重新评估艾森豪威尔政府对学校废除种族隔离的贡献......

• 批准号: 2035753
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lancaster University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2035753
• 关键词: Eisenhower; Education; Civil; Rights; Reassessment

In the small town of Mansfield, Texas, 1956, three African-American children were prevented by state troopers from enrolling in the local school. Despite the ruling of the Supreme Court known as Brown vs. Board of Education, 1954, declaring school segregation unconstitutional, the Governor of Texas took the dramatic step of inviting armed officers to block the enrolment of the African-American children, and to stop the desegregation of Mansfield's Central High. The same happened in the subsequent year in Little Rock, Arkansas,where the State Governor used the National Guard to prevent school desegregation. Yet, the Federal Government's reaction in these two instances was markedly different. In Little Rock, the Eisenhower administration sent Federal troops to ensure school desegregation -an action not taken in Mansfield. As the events in Little Rock suggest,the lack of Federal intervention in Mansfield was not the result of an inability to act; rather, it was the outcome of a decision not to act.

1956年，在得克萨斯州的小镇曼斯菲尔德，三名非洲裔美国儿童被州警阻止进入当地学校。尽管最高法院在1954年的布朗诉教育委员会案中宣布学校种族隔离违宪，德克萨斯州州长还是采取了戏剧性的步骤，邀请武装人员阻止非洲裔美国儿童入学，并阻止曼斯菲尔德中央高中的种族隔离。同样的事情也发生在接下来的一年里，阿肯色州的小石城，州长动用国民警卫队阻止学校废除种族隔离。然而，联邦政府对这两种情况的反应明显不同。在小石城，艾森豪威尔政府派出了联邦军队，以确保学校废除种族隔离--这是在曼斯菲尔德没有采取的行动。正如小石城事件所表明的那样，联邦政府没有对曼斯菲尔德事件进行干预并不是因为没有能力采取行动，而是因为政府决定不采取行动。