Structural topology optimisation of long-span structures (Helping architects weigh their options)

大跨度结构的结构拓扑优化（帮助建筑师权衡他们的选择）

• 批准号: 2051791
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Leeds
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2051791
• 关键词: Structural; topology; optimisation; long; span

The power of the approach proposed in this research project can be exercised performing a series of studies focusing on long-span buildings and structures such as roofs for archaeological sites, airport terminals, concert halls, and bus stations. Such structural forms pose a special modelling challenge: they often have large open spaces with unusual shapes and few interior columns, so they rely on systems of triangular space trusses and frames working together to support the load of the building. The use of computer simulation early in the design process - when the share of the building in determined - can have a major impact on embodied energy as well. Careful choice of the geometry and layout of the structure can reduce internal forces and decrease the amount of energy-intensive structural materials required for support.This study will attempt to find an efficient scheme for the optimisation of both shape and member stiffness distributions in order to create a spatial structure with a higher buckling strength that then one created by just the shape optimisation and free-form finding processes. The geometric characteristics will be optimised for a target to maximise their linear buckling load for a vertical uniformly distributed load or a static seismic load. The buckling behaviour of the optimum reticulated shells will be also examined through elastic and elasto-plastic buckling analyses. Structural topology (material) optimisation studies will be performed using Altair's Hyperworks and static/dynamic analyses will be performed using the nonlinear Finite Element programme (ANSYS). Both the initial energy required for making structural materials and components as well as the future operational energy will be quantified and compared for the design of energy-efficient buildings.

本研究项目中提出的方法的威力可以用于进行一系列针对大跨度建筑和结构的研究，例如考古遗址、机场航站楼、音乐厅和公交车站的屋顶。这种结构形式提出了特殊的建模挑战：它们通常具有形状不寻常的大型开放空间和很少的内部柱子，因此它们依靠三角形空间桁架和框架系统共同支撑建筑物的荷载。在设计过程的早期（当建筑物的份额确定时）使用计算机模拟也会对体现能源产生重大影响。仔细选择结构的几何形状和布局可以减少内力并减少支撑所需的能量密集型结构材料的数量。本研究将尝试找到一种有效的方案来优化形状和构件刚度分布，以创建一种具有更高屈曲强度的空间结构，然后仅通过形状优化和自由形状查找过程创建空间结构。将对目标的几何特性进行优化，以最大化垂直均匀分布载荷或静态地震载荷的线性屈曲载荷。还将通过弹性和弹塑性屈曲分析来检查最佳网壳的屈曲行为。结构拓扑（材料）优化研究将使用 Altair 的 Hyperworks 进行，静态/动态分析将使用非线性有限元程序 (ANSYS) 进行。制造结构材料和部件所需的初始能源以及未来的运行能源都将被量化和比较，以设计节能建筑。