The ontogeny and phylogeny of human cooperative problemsolving and social preferences in cooperative contexts.

人类合作解决问题的个体发育和系统发育以及合作环境中的社会偏好。

• 批准号: 2066337
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Newcastle University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2066337
• 关键词: ontogeny; phylogeny; human; cooperative; problemsolving

My proposed PhD will explore human cooperative problem-solvingin both evolutionary and developmental contexts. Using anexperimental paradigm never before used with children, butpopular amongst researchers of non-human animal cognition, I willexplore the relationship between social intelligence and problemsolvingability in the development of cooperative problem-solvingin children. I expect that children will be unable to solve the taskuntil both social and problem-solving skills have matured. I will alsoexplore the role and development of social biases in cooperativecontexts. A recent hypothesis suggests that such biases andpreferences should change throughout development as childrenwill go from being highly dependent upon their adult carers, toneeding to develop peer relationships that will aid survival in laterlife. I will test this using a partner-choice experiment with childrenbetween the ages of 2 and 6 years old, and an experiment thatevaluates concerns for reputations using different observers. Iexpect that young children should prefer to cooperate and bemore concerned for their reputation around adults, but that, aschildren develop, their concerns for cooperative partnership andreputation should switch to being more peer-oriented. Finally, Iwill explore human cooperative problem-solving abilities in anevolutionary context, testing two species of corvid (a bird familyknown for their high levels of intelligence) with vastly differentsocial structures, in the same task. This will help to clarify the roleof selective pressures on social cognition in the evolution of humancooperative problem-solving.

我的博士学位将探索人类合作解决问题的进化和发展的背景下。使用一个以前从未在儿童身上使用过的实验范式，但在非人类动物认知研究者中很流行，我将探索儿童合作解决问题的发展中社会智力和问题解决能力之间的关系。我希望孩子们在社交和解决问题的能力成熟之前是无法解决这个问题的。我还将探讨社会偏见在合作语境中的作用和发展。最近的一个假设表明，这种偏见和偏好应该在整个发展过程中发生变化，因为儿童将从高度依赖他们的成年照顾者，逐渐发展同伴关系，这将有助于晚年的生存。我将用一个选择伴侣的实验来验证这一点，实验对象是2到6岁的孩子，还有一个实验是用不同的观察者来评估对声誉的关注。我认为，幼儿应该更喜欢合作，更关心他们在成年人面前的声誉，但是，随着孩子的成长，他们对合作伙伴关系和声誉的关注应该转向更面向同伴。最后，我将在进化的背景下探索人类合作解决问题的能力，在同一项任务中测试两种社会结构截然不同的乌鸦（一种以高智力而闻名的鸟类）。这将有助于阐明社会认知的选择性压力在人类合作解决问题的进化中的作用。