ENHANCED VITAMIN K DEPENDENT PROTEINS

描述：(研究人员摘要)这项研究将检查维生素 依赖于钾的蛋白质表现出更好的膜亲和力。维他命 钾依赖的血浆蛋白在促凝血和抗凝中的作用 小路。膜接触对于以下几乎所有步骤都很重要 这些反应。依赖维生素K的钙与膜结合 蛋白质依赖于体内的几个伽马-羧谷氨酸(GLA)残基 这些蛋白质中的1-45个氨基酸。GLA是在肝脏中合成的 维生素K依赖反应。服用维生素K拮抗剂， 它降低了循环中含有GLA的蛋白质的水平，是一种 血栓形成患者的常见生物医学应用。在……里面 此外，给予完整的蛋白质对于治疗红斑狼疮很重要。 一些出血性疾病。这个项目的一个主要目标是建立 维生素K依赖蛋白的膜接触机制及其应用 这种知识可以产生功能更强的蛋白质。这项建议 提出了膜接触的新假说。七个具体目标 包括：1.设计蛋白C和凝血因子VII的突变体 膜接触部位。2.确定氨基酸之间的关系 在GLA结构域和膜结合亲和力方面。3.描述 膜亲和力与酶原蛋白能力的关系 作为底物被其他膜结合的酶激活。4. 确定膜亲和力(特异性目标1)对酶的影响 这些蛋白的活化形式(因子VIIa和活化)的活性 蛋白C，APC)，包括辅因子蛋白的影响，膜 内容和其他属性。5.确定膜的作用机制 通过维生素K蛋白接触。6.确定疏水剂的作用 GLA结构域中的残基。7.确定负责以下工作的结构 GLA结构域的最大折叠稳定性。使用的方法包括 突变蛋白的表达及其酶学和生物活性鉴定 凝血试验、荧光光谱分析和生物物理学 用核磁共振和量热法对其进行了表征。使用精心准备的 这个项目的大部分区域都需要膜囊泡。本研究 应揭示γ-羧基谷氨酸的结构/功能关系 酸，以及它在创建膜接触部位的最终功能。它 将增加对膜在酶活动中所起作用的认识 在凝血和生物系统中。它最终可能会提供新的 和/或用于生物医学应用的改进材料。

DESCRIPTION: (Investigator's abstract) This study will examine vitamin K-dependent proteins that display improved membrane affinity. The vitamin K-dependent plasma proteins function in both pro- and anti-coagulation pathways. Membrane contact is important for nearly all of the steps of these reactions. Calcium and membrane binding by vitamin K-dependent proteins depend on several gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) residues in amino acids 1-45 of these proteins. Gla is synthesized in the liver in a vitamin K-dependent reaction. Administration of vitamin K antagonists, which lower the level of Gla-containing proteins in the circulation, is a common biomedical application for persons subject to thrombosis. In addition, administration of intact proteins is important to treatment for some bleeding disorders. A major goal of this project is to establish the membrane contact mechanisms of the vitamin K-dependent proteins and to use that knowledge to generate proteins with improved function. This proposal presents a new hypothesis for membrane contact. Seven specific aims include: 1. Design mutants of protein C and factor VII that have improved membrane contact sites. 2. Determine the relationship between amino acids in the Gla domain and membrane binding affinity. 3. Characterize the relationship between membrane affinity and the ability of a zymogen protein to function as substrate for activation by other membrane-bound enzymes. 4. Determine the impact of membrane affinity (specific aim 1) on the enzyme activity of the activated forms of these proteins (factor VIIa and activated protein C, APC), including the impact of cofactor proteins, membrane content, and other properties. 5. Determine the mechanisms of membrane contact by vitamin K proteins. 6. Determine the role of the hydrophobic residues in the Gla domain. 7. Determine the structures responsible for greatest folding stability of the Gla domain. Methods used include expression of mutant proteins and their characterization by enzyme and coagulation assays, spectroscopic assays by fluorescence, and biophysical characterization with NMR and calorimetry. The use of carefully prepared membrane vesicles is required in most areas of this project. This study should reveal structure/function relationships of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid, and its ultimate function in creating a membrane-contact site. It will increase knowledge of the role that membranes play in enzymatic events of coagulation and in biological systems. It may ultimately provide new and/or improved materials for biomedical applications.