SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE COMPLICATIONS AFTER LUNG TRANSPLANT

大多数肺移植受者在肺移植后其慢性肺部疾病的症状得到改善，但由于排斥和感染的毁灭性并发症，他们面临着新症状的幽灵。 临床医生意识到这些并发症的迹象，并且已经发表了大量描述其发病率和影响的研究。 然而，引起痛苦、干扰表现或预示即将发生的并发症的症状的确切特征和影响因素尚不清楚。 本研究的目的是描述肺移植术后急性并发症的症状，并确定影响因素。 方法学三角测量将用于描述症状体验。接受者将填写症状清单，并接受访谈，以获得他们对症状的描述和他们在与急性并发症发作评价一致的时间间隔内经历的影响因素。将在相同的时间间隔获得生理因素（肺功能、排斥反应和感染）、情境因素（移植后时间、免疫抑制方案）和心理因素（焦虑、抑郁）的定量测量，以确定其对免疫学的影响。 将对定性和定量数据进行矩阵分析，以揭示影响症状体验的因素。 不愉快症状理论为护士识别症状及其影响因素、设计和评估旨在减少症状表现和改善患者结局的干预措施提供了理论基础。 肺移植受者的症状经验的知识将为护士研究干预措施的效果提供基础，这些干预措施旨在检测和管理肺移植后急性并发症相关的症状。

The majority of lung transplant recipients experience improvement in the symptoms of their chronic pulmonary condition following lung transplantation, but are faced with the specter of new symptoms that invariably develop due to the devastating complications of rejection and infection. Clinicians are aware of the signs of these complications, and a plethora of studies have been published describing their incidence and impact. However, the precise characteristics and influencing factors of symptoms that cause distress, interfere with performance, or forewarn of impending complications are unknown. The purpose of this study is to describe the symptoms of acute complications after lung transplant and to identify the influencing factors. Methodological triangulation will e used to describe the symptom experience. Recipients will complete a symptom inventory and be interviewed to obtain their description of the symptoms and influencing factors they experience at intervals that coincide with evaluations for episodes of acute complications. Quantitive measures of physiological factors (pulmonary function, rejection, and infection), situational factors (time after transplant, immunosuppression regimen), and psychological factors (anxiety, depression) will be obtained at the same time intervals to determine their influence on symptomatology. Matrix analyses of qualitative and quantitative data will be performed to reveal factors that influence the symptom experience. The Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms provides a theoretical basis which nurses use to identify symptoms and their influencing factors, and design and evaluate interventions aimed at reducing the manifestations of symptoms and improving patient outcomes. Knowledge of the symptom experience of lung transplant recipients will provide the foundation for nurses to study the effects of interventions designed to detect and manage symptoms associated with acute complications after lung transplant.