The role of sea ice in the Southern Ocean carbon sink using novel biogeochemical sensors

这个博士项目有这些目标：1。在南极底层水的预处理和形成过程中量化海洋CO2吸收。2.确定季节性冰覆盖的沃茨中CO2汇及其驱动因素的季节性和逐年变化。博士生将研究海冰动态和海洋二氧化碳吸收之间的相互作用，同时使用地球化学传感器数据和常规化学分析。具体来说，博士生将在破冰船R. V. Polarstern巡航PS117（2018年12月至2019年2月）的威德尔海部署海洋地球化学浮子和碳酸盐化学样品，作为PICCOLO的一部分。博士生将对Polarstern和RaTS样品进行碳酸盐化学分析。学生将评估pH值，氧气和叶绿素荧光传感器对新的（PS117，PICCOLO，ORCHESTRA）和历史船上测量（GLODAPv 2，SOCAT）的测量，以下方法由博士生导师开发（Dall'Olmo等人，2016），在SOCCOM，和其他地方。冬季水，冬季混合层残留在夏季混合层之下，将进一步提供冬季过程。几何矢量分析将使得能够量化影响PICCOLO和RaTS中碳酸盐化学的过程（Legge等人，2017).学生将在UEA（38个月），PML（2个月）和海上（2个月）进行研究和培训。科学、可转移和先进的研究技能培训将包括安全工作实践、海上研究、新型传感器、化学测量和数据分析。参加一次研究航行，如果成功地接受医疗和海上生存训练，将加强个人技能。学生将在研究座谈会，（国际）国家会议，同行评议的出版物和博士论文中提出科学发现。研究培训将解决英国在数字技能，计算，统计，实地考察和实验室技能方面的战略技能差距。一流的培训和尖端的研究将使学生能够在一系列专业中从事职业生涯。学生将每周与“当地”主管举行会议，并每月与所有主管举行（虚拟）会议。每年将在东英吉利大学和巴斯大学举行三次正式的进度会议。Dorothee Bakker博士（UEA）是PICCOLO的Co-I，并领导国际表层海洋CO2 Atlas（SOCAT）合成活动。Martin约翰逊博士（UEA）是海洋知识和交流网络（M-KEN）的主任。Giorgio Dall'Olmo博士（PML）是PICCOLO的地球化学浮标的负责人。Hugh Venables博士（BAS）领导了Rats抽样计划。Bastien Queste博士（UEA）是地球化学滑翔机数据方面的专家。Mario Hoppema博士（AWI）是威德尔海碳酸盐化学专家，GLODAP参考小组成员，也是PICCOLO的项目合作伙伴。监督小组在收集、解释、模拟和介绍南大洋和其他地方的海洋生物地球化学数据方面具有专门知识。

This PhD project has these objectives:1. To quantify ocean CO2 uptake during the pre-conditioning and formation of Antarctic Bottom Water. 2. To determine seasonal and year-to-year variation in the CO2 sink and their drivers in seasonally ice covered waters. The PhD student will investigate the interplay between sea ice dynamics and ocean CO2 uptake, while using biogeochemical sensor data and conventional chemical analyses. Specifically the PhD student will deploy biogeochemical floats and sample for carbonate chemistry at ~58-60 degrees S, 6 degrees W-9 degrees E in the Weddell Sea on the ice breaker R.V. Polarstern cruise PS117 (December 2018- February 2019), as part of PICCOLO. The PhD student will carry out carbonate chemistry analyses on the Polarstern and RaTS samples. The student will evaluate the measurements by sensors for pH, oxygen and chlorophyll fluorescence against new (PS117, PICCOLO, ORCHESTRA) and historic shipboard measurements (GLODAPv2, SOCAT), following approaches developed at by the PhD supervisors (Dall'Olmo et al., 2016), in SOCCOM, and elsewhere. Winter Water, a winter mixed layer remnant below the summer mixed layer, will further inform on wintertime processes. Geometric vector analysis will enable quantification of the processes affecting carbonate chemistry in PICCOLO and at RaTS (Legge et al., 2017).The student will carry out research and training at UEA (38 months), PML (2 months) and at sea (2 months). Training in scientific, transferable and advanced research skills will include safe working practice, seagoing research, novel sensors, chemistry measurements and data analysis. Participation in a research cruise, subject to a successful medical and sea survival training, will strengthen personal skills. The student will present the scientific findings in research colloquia, at (inter-)national conferences, in peer-reviewed publications and a PhD thesis. The research training will address strategic UK skills gaps in numerical skills, computing, statistics, fieldwork and laboratory skills. The first-rate training and the cutting-edge research will equip the student for a career across a range of professions. The student will have weekly meetings with the 'local' supervisor(s), as well as monthly (virtual) meetings with all supervisors. Three formal progress meetings per year will be at UEA and BAS. Dr Dorothee Bakker (UEA) is a Co-I on PICCOLO and leads the international Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) synthesis activity. Dr Martin Johnson (UEA) is Director of the Marine Knowledge and Exchange Network (M-KEN). Dr Giorgio Dall'Olmo (PML) is the lead for biogeochemical floats in PICCOLO. Dr Hugh Venables (BAS) leads the RaTS sampling programme. Dr Bastien Queste (UEA) is an expert in biogeochemical glider data. Dr Mario Hoppema (AWI) is an expert on Weddell Sea carbonate chemistry, a member of the GLODAP reference group and is a project partner in PICCOLO. The supervisory team has expertise in the collection, interpretation, modelling and presentation of marine biogeochemical data in the Southern Ocean and elsewhere.