Infant Care, Feeding, and Risk of Obesity

描述（由申请人提供）：超重和肥胖正在增加 在美国，特别是在低收入少数族群中，这一趋势迅速发展。同时 遗传因素无疑起着重要作用，环境和行为因素 鉴于病例数迅速增加，肯定有一些因素推动了这一流行病 过去十年。最近的研究表明，护理和喂养方式 儿童时期可能与随后的肥胖风险有关，但很少有研究表明 了解婴儿通过断奶进行过渡的时期 家庭饮食的时期或特定的养育方式或环境如何影响 影响幼儿肥胖的发展。 肥胖文献主要关注肥胖期间的儿童 反弹期或更长时间，很少有研究描述前 2 种风险因素 生命中的岁月，当模式首次形成并在父母或照顾者的照顾下 控制。本研究将考察：1）影响家庭因素 养育子女和婴儿喂养方式； 2) 喂养方式与 婴儿饮食； 3）膳食摄入量与婴儿肥胖的关系。我们会 对北卡罗来纳州的非裔美国母亲和婴儿进行研究， 肥胖风险高的人群。在第一阶段，我们将 进行深入的民族志研究，定义特定文化的特征 养育和喂养的内容，并确定家庭和环境因素 可能会预防或促进该人群中婴儿肥胖的发生。 这是研究的关键部分，因为它将使我们能够定义 与我们的生态模型相关的具体指标。我们还将调整 现有的工具，即儿童喂养问卷（CFQ），应在文化和 适合非洲裔美国人婴儿母亲年龄的给药 在纵向研究期间。在第二阶段，我们将进行纵向观察 对 200 名非裔美国母婴二人组进行的研究，随访期为 3 至 18 个月 的年龄。该研究旨在确定家庭、护理人员、 以及与肥胖风险相关的儿童特征。婴儿将被跟随 在 3、6、9、12 和 18 个月时通过在家庭环境中进行评估。 我们将评估喂养方式、饮食摄入量和婴儿之间的关系 肥胖，同时考虑活动、母亲体重指数和 其他风险因素。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Overweight and obesity are increasing rapidly in the U.S., particularly among low-income minority populations. While genetic factors no doubt play an important role, environmental and behavioral factors must surely be driving the epidemic given its rapid increase in the past decade. Recent research suggests that care and feeding styles during childhood may be related to subsequent risk of obesity yet little is known about the period when infants make the transition through the weaning period to a family diet or how specific parenting styles or environments may influence the development of obesity in very young children. The obesity literature has focused primarily on children during the adiposity rebound period or older, and few studies describe risk factors in the first 2 years of life, when patterns first develop and are under parental or caregiver control. This research will examine: 1) household factors that influence parenting and infant feeding patterns; 2) relationship of feeding styles to infant diet; and 3) relationship of dietary intake to infant fatness. We will conduct the study among African American mothers and infants in North Carolina, a group at high risk for the development of obesity. In Phase I, we will conduct in-depth ethnographic research that defines culture-specific features of parenting and feeding and to identify household and contextual factors that may either prevent or promote infant obesity development in this population. This is a critical part of the research because it will allow us to define specific indicators related to our ecological model. We will also adapt an existing instrument, the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) to be culturally and age-appropriate for administration among mothers of African-Americans infants during the longitudinal study. In Phase II, we will conduct a longitudinal, observational study of 200 mother-infant African-American dyads, followed from 3-18 months of age. The study is designed to identify the constellation of household, caregiver, and child characteristics associated with the risk of obesity. Infants will be followed at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months through assessments in their home environments. We will assess relationships among feeding styles, dietary intake, and infant fatness, while taking into account the role of activity, maternal BMI, and other risk factors.