Infant Care, Feeding, and Risk of Obesity

描述(申请人提供)：超重和肥胖呈上升趋势 在美国迅速蔓延，特别是在低收入少数群体中。而当 遗传因素无疑扮演着重要的角色，环境和行为 鉴于疫情在全球范围内的迅速增长，一定是各种因素在推动着疫情的蔓延 过去十年。最近的研究表明，护理和喂养方式 童年时期可能与随后的肥胖风险有关，但几乎没有 已知婴儿通过断奶过渡的时期 家庭饮食的时期，或具体的育儿方式或环境可能 影响幼儿肥胖症的发展。 肥胖文献主要关注肥胖期间的儿童。 反弹时期或更长时间，很少有研究描述前2个阶段的风险因素 生命的岁月，当模式第一次形成并在父母或照顾者的照顾下 控制力。本研究将考察：1)影响家庭的因素 父母教养方式与婴儿喂养方式；2)喂养方式与 婴儿饮食；3)饮食摄入量与婴儿肥胖的关系。我们会 在北卡罗来纳州的非裔美国母亲和婴儿中进行这项研究， 肥胖高危人群。在第一阶段，我们将 进行深入的人种学研究，以确定特定文化特征 并找出家庭和环境因素， 可能会预防或促进这一人群中婴儿肥胖的发展。 这是研究的关键部分，因为它将使我们能够定义 与我们的生态模式相关的具体指标。我们还将调整一个 现有工具，儿童喂养问卷(CFQ)将在文化上和 非裔美国人婴儿母亲的适龄给药 在纵向研究过程中。在第二阶段，我们将进行纵向、观察性的 对200名非洲裔美国双胞胎母婴的研究，随访3-18个月 年纪大了。这项研究旨在确定家庭、照顾者、 以及与肥胖风险相关的儿童特征。婴儿将被跟踪 在3、6、9、12和18个月时，通过在他们的家庭环境中进行评估。 我们将评估喂养方式、饮食摄入量和婴儿之间的关系 肥胖，同时考虑到活动、母亲BMI和 其他风险因素。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Overweight and obesity are increasing rapidly in the U.S., particularly among low-income minority populations. While genetic factors no doubt play an important role, environmental and behavioral factors must surely be driving the epidemic given its rapid increase in the past decade. Recent research suggests that care and feeding styles during childhood may be related to subsequent risk of obesity yet little is known about the period when infants make the transition through the weaning period to a family diet or how specific parenting styles or environments may influence the development of obesity in very young children. The obesity literature has focused primarily on children during the adiposity rebound period or older, and few studies describe risk factors in the first 2 years of life, when patterns first develop and are under parental or caregiver control. This research will examine: 1) household factors that influence parenting and infant feeding patterns; 2) relationship of feeding styles to infant diet; and 3) relationship of dietary intake to infant fatness. We will conduct the study among African American mothers and infants in North Carolina, a group at high risk for the development of obesity. In Phase I, we will conduct in-depth ethnographic research that defines culture-specific features of parenting and feeding and to identify household and contextual factors that may either prevent or promote infant obesity development in this population. This is a critical part of the research because it will allow us to define specific indicators related to our ecological model. We will also adapt an existing instrument, the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) to be culturally and age-appropriate for administration among mothers of African-Americans infants during the longitudinal study. In Phase II, we will conduct a longitudinal, observational study of 200 mother-infant African-American dyads, followed from 3-18 months of age. The study is designed to identify the constellation of household, caregiver, and child characteristics associated with the risk of obesity. Infants will be followed at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months through assessments in their home environments. We will assess relationships among feeding styles, dietary intake, and infant fatness, while taking into account the role of activity, maternal BMI, and other risk factors.