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A Legal Anthropology of Personality Disorder

人格障碍的法律人类学

基本信息

批准号：
2096055
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
Birkbeck, University of London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2018 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2096055
关键词：
Legal Anthropology Personality Disorder

项目摘要

My proposed research investigates how people living with personality disorder (PD)diagnosis become criminal subjects and what PD diagnoses come to mean within processesof criminalisation. Asking, 'How do people living with PD become criminal subjects?', I willconduct a multi-site ethnography that follows people diagnosed with PD through legalprocess in the UK. Data of their experiences, as well as their relations with lawyers,clinicians, police and the courts, will be collected and analysed. The study addresses thecurrent lack of empirical studies on the everyday practices that shape mental healthdiagnoses' entanglement with the criminal justice system. Situated within the history of PDas a diagnostic category, the project synthesises understanding from psychiatric anthropologyand critical legal studies to examine how PD diagnoses emerge within, and are constructedthrough, the experience of becoming a 'criminal'.A cluster of mental disorders formally defined in 1980, PD is heavily overrepresented in UKprisons. The disorder is diagnosed in 5-13% of the general population yet in 62% of male and57% of female prisoners. Originating in medical psychiatry, the diagnosis now dominatesforensic mental health work, motivating - from 2001 onwards - nationwide initiativesdedicated to managing those with 'severe' PD through the criminal justice system. Diagnosticguidance suggests all forms of PD are initially indicated by: 'an enduring pattern of innerexperience and behaviour that deviates markedly from the expectations of an individual'sculture' (DSM-5, 2013). To date, critical legal scholarship has addressed how unequal powerrelations construct 'deviance' and normative 'culture' here, as well as recognisingpsychiatry's role in the inception of prisons and the production of criminal subjects (Foucault1964, Gilmore 2002). Psychiatric anthropologists have critically assessed PD as aconstruction particular to Western psychiatry (Littlewood 2002), its prevalence amongstvulnerable populations marked as 'deviant' through state intervention (Anleu 2005), as wellas the variety in PD's expression across cultures (Mulder 2012).While both disciplines stress the importance of everyday practice in the making of criminalsubjects, and of illness, empirical work on PD has largely been conducted in prisons andclinical settings (Galanek 2012). There has been little ethnography devoted to the minutiae ofrelations, experiences and practices that shape PD's meaning and sufferers' experiences asthey become, and are made into, criminals'. My research fills this gap, focussing on thecourts and the constellation of relationships formed around criminal trial. The research offersnew knowledge on the social texture of key areas of study for the disciplines on which itdraws, on medicalised deviance, the construction of normative selfhood, humansubjectification in medicolegal interactions, and the construction of PD as a diagnosis.Practically, recently published British Psychological Society (BPS) guidelines have called onmental health and criminal justice practitioners to seek alternatives to Western diagnosticcategories, and to be vigilant to these categories' tendency to reproduce social harm (BPS2018). In its focus on sufferers' experiences and subversions, my study is a timely responseto this shift in approach. It is particularly urgent and significant considering the deepeningmental health crisis in UK prisons.My extensive knowledge and relevant experience means I am well placed to conduct thisstudy and undertake interdisciplinary research that will be relevant to critical legalscholarship, psychiatric anthropology and to the community of practitioners working at theintersections of psychiatry and criminalisation. My research connects two leadinginstitutions, UCL Anthropology and Birkbeck Law.

我提议的研究调查人格障碍（PD）诊断的人如何成为犯罪主体，以及PD诊断在犯罪过程中意味着什么。问，'患有PD的人如何成为犯罪主体？我将进行一个多地点的人种志，通过英国的法律程序跟踪诊断为PD的人。将收集和分析他们的经验数据以及他们与律师、临床医生、警察和法院的关系。这项研究解决了目前缺乏对塑造心理健康诊断与刑事司法系统纠缠的日常实践的实证研究。作为一个诊断类别，该项目综合了精神人类学和批判性法律的研究的理解，以研究PD诊断如何在成为“罪犯”的经历中出现，并通过这种经历来构建。一般人群中有5-13%的人被诊断出患有这种疾病，但男性囚犯中有62%，女性囚犯中有57%。起源于医学精神病学，诊断现在占主导地位的法医心理健康工作，激励-从2001年起-全国性的倡议，致力于通过刑事司法系统管理那些“严重”PD。诊断指南表明，所有形式的PD最初都表现为：“一种持久的内在经验和行为模式，显着偏离个人‘文化’的期望”（DSM-5，2013）。到目前为止，关键的法律的学术研究已经解决了不平等的权力关系如何在这里构建“越轨”和规范的“文化”，以及承认精神病学在监狱的开始和犯罪主体的生产中的作用（Foucault 1964，Gilmore 2002）。精神人类学家已经批判性地评估了PD作为西方精神病学特有的结构（Littlewood 2002），它的流行率超过了通过国家干预被标记为“越轨”的弱势群体（Anleu 2005），以及PD在不同文化中的表达差异（Mulder 2012）。虽然这两个学科都强调日常实践在制作犯罪主题和疾病方面的重要性，关于PD的实证研究主要在监狱和临床环境中进行（Galanek 2012）。很少有民族志专门研究关系、经历和实践的细节，这些关系、经历和实践塑造了PD的意义和患者成为罪犯和被制造成罪犯时的经历。我的研究填补了这一空白，专注于法院和围绕刑事审判形成的关系的星座。该研究为它所借鉴的学科提供了关于关键研究领域的社会结构的新知识，包括医学异常，规范自我的构建，法医学互动中的人类主体化以及PD作为诊断的构建。实际上，最近出版的英国心理学会（BPS）指南呼吁精神健康和刑事司法从业人员寻求西方诊断类别的替代品，并对这些类别重现社会危害的倾向保持警惕（BPS 2018）。我的研究关注患者的经历和颠覆，是对这种方法转变的及时回应。考虑到英国监狱中不断加深的心理健康危机，这一点尤为紧迫和重要。我的广泛知识和相关经验意味着我能够很好地进行这项研究，并进行跨学科研究，这些研究将与关键的法律奖学金、精神人类学以及在精神病学和刑事化交叉点工作的从业者社区相关。我的研究连接两个leadinginstitutions，伦敦大学学院人类学和伯克贝克法。